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Book
Julia Serano · 2007
Julia Serano's Whipping Girl (2007) is a foundational text of trans feminism, and its central argument reframes the whole conversation: femininity is not a weakness or a performance but a site of real power, and the contempt directed at it — Serano's term is femmephobia — drives both misogyny and transphobia at once.
Sequence ladder
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Appears in
What this book knows
Femininity is not a weakness or performance but a site of real power whose scapegoating drives both misogyny and transphobia.
self-and-identity
Portraying trans women as 'fake' females requires giving different names and values to the same behaviors depending on whether the person was born female or male—that is sexist.
WPGX-RC-034Feminine expression is strong, daring, and brave—powerful in a tangible, practical way that facilitates openness, creativity, and honest expression.
WPGX-RC-220shame
Many feminists who found traditional feminine roles constraining artificialize femininity, projecting their own discomfort onto those for whom it feels natural.
WPGX-RC-216Feminine boys are viewed far more negatively and brought in for psychotherapy far more often than masculine girls—effemimania shapes male development throughout.
WPGX-RC-184embodiment
Hormone replacement therapy produces in adult transsexuals many of the same bodily changes as puberty, and these hormone-produced changes are experienced as deeply affirming.
WPGX-RC-020When I am read as trans, the sexualizing I receive is invariably more invasive and debasing than when I am presumed to be a cissexual woman.
WPGX-RC-166Illuminates
Editor’s framing
Serano writes as a biologist and a trans woman, and the book moves between memoir, theory, and polemic to make a case that was sharply new when it appeared: that the devaluation of femininity is the common root of sexism and the specific hostility trans women face. She coins durable vocabulary — cissexual, femmephobia, the distinction between subconscious sex and gender expression — and argues against feminist frameworks that treated femininity as false consciousness. The book's force is in refusing to accept femininity as the lesser term.
What to attend to: the reframe at the center — that scapegoating femininity, not biology, is what links the oppressions Serano analyzes. The vocabulary, much of which has entered common use. The personal passages, where the argument is grounded in a life rather than asserted from outside it; Serano's authority comes from the body she is writing about.
In Vela's reading Whipping Girl sits at the meeting of the erotic canon and the question of identity, beside the testimony of writers working out selfhood against a culture's prescriptions. We read it on the self-and-identity and shame axes, close to the conviction the corpus prizes — that the body one lives in is where the argument has to be grounded.
Featured passage
In my own experience, I have found that the way I’m sexualized as a trans woman is similar to how I’m sexualized when I’m presumed to be a cissexual woman (i.e., I’m sexually objectified rather than seen as an aggressor). Invariably, though, the former is more invasive and debasing. For example, when I am assumed to be cissexual, the sexualizing comments I receive almost always come from random strangers in public. However, if I meet a man in a more social situation (e.g., at a party or a bar), he rarely stoops to blatantly crass, sexualizing comments, even when he is flirting with me. However, in social settings where I am known to be transsexual (e.g., at events where I perform spoken word poetry), men do often blatantly sexualize me: I have had men immediately engage me in conversations about how much they enjoy “she-male” porn, flat-out tell me “I’m turned on by ‘girls like you,’” and explicitly describe the sex acts they have had with other trans women in the past. And numerous times I have received unsolicited emails, presumably from men who found my website during a search using the keyword “transsexual,” in which they describe their sexual fantasies about trans women in gory detail, or ask me graphic questions about my body and sexual activities. These emails are always centered on my transsexual femaleness; I do not receive similar emails from people who presume that I am a cissexual female. Some might suggest that the reason why I experience more hardcore sexualization as a trans woman has to do with the fact that transsexuals are rather rare, thus leading others to view us as exotic. While rareness may contribute to this phenomenon, I don’t believe that it’s a sufficient explanation. After all, there are plenty of types of women who are relatively rare, but they are not all sexualized in the same manner that trans women are. Perhaps a better explanation lies in the responses I receive when I make it clear to these men that I am troubled by the explicit nature of their comments. While it’s a given that any “respectable” woman would be offended if a strange man immediately began sharing his sexual thoughts and fantasies with her (in fact, many catcallers seem to enjoy provoking these very feelings of insult or embarrassment in the women they harass), I find that the men who sexualize me as a trans woman are often dumbfounded and angered by my unwillingness to engage them on a sexually explicit level. I have even had a man accuse me of misleading him, as if the only legitimate reason for me to be out as a transsexual was to signal my sexual availability or to solicit sexual attention from men. This assumption—that I am somehow “asking for it”—is eerily similar to the attitudes some men have toward women who they believe are dressed or behaving in a sexually provocative fashion.
In my own experience, I have found that the way I’m sexualized as a trans woman is similar to how I’m sexualized when I’m presumed to be a cissexual woman (i.e.
Read alongside · the magazine
Serano's vocabulary for the contempt aimed at femininity is exactly the kind of precise naming the essay is interested in.
6 published passages · book excerpt · research analysis
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