Book

Thinking and Reasoning A Very Short Introduction (Very Short Introductions)

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What this book knows

Human reasoning is systematically biased yet adaptive — two competing cognitive systems shape every judgment, decision, and inference we make.

Sex: Absent
Work: Absent
Learning: Primary
Religion: Absent

mind-and-cognitionself-and-identitytransformation

mind-and-cognition

In deductive reasoning, people make frequent logical errors and are prone to matching and belief biases… people may give very different answers according to how information is framed.
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Type 1 processes operate quickly, leading to intuitive responses, but these potential answers may be altered as a result of subsequent Type 2 reasoning.
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Insight depends on restructuring problems to get rid of false assumptions — the 'Aha!' experience discovered by Gestalt psychologists.
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A consensual view in the 1960s was that people were pretty good intuitive statisticians. This idea was quite simply blown apart by studies commencing in the 1970s.
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learning

Type 2 thinking comes into its own when problems combine complexity with novelty and cannot be solved by applying relevant experience.
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self-and-identity

In the bounded rationality approach, people still strive for rational decisions but within constraints of limited time, knowledge, and computational capacity.
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Illuminates

6 published passages · book excerpt · research analysis

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