Gratitude

Passages

Every passage tagged with this emotion in the Vela corpus. Search the body text, narrow by source or register, click through to a book’s profile to see how the passage sits with the rest of the work.

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• From The Evolution of Beauty: How Darwin's Forgotten Theory of Mate Choice Shapes the Animal World—and Us (2017)

  The content and direction of the book were shaped and improved by many conversations and exchanges with and insights and comments from numerous colleagues and friends, including: Suzanne Alonzo, Ian Ayres, Dorit Bar-On, David Booth, Gerry Borgia, Brian Borovsky, Patricia Brennan, James Bundy, Tim Caro, Barbara Caspers, Innes Cuthill, Anne Dailey, Jared Diamond, Elizabeth Dillon, Michael Donoghue, Justin Eichenlaub, Teresa Feo, Michael Frame, Rich and Barbara Franke, Jennifer Friedmann, Jonathan Gilmore, Michael Gordin, Phil Gorski, Patty Gowaty, David Halperin, Brian Hare, Karsten Harries, Verity Harte, Geoff Hill, Dror Hawlena, Rebecca Helm, Geoff Hill, Jack Hitt, Rebecca Irwin, Susan Johnson Currier, Mark Kirkpatrick, Jonathan Kramnick, Susan Lindee, Pauline LeVen, Daniel Lieberman, Kevin McCracken, David McDonald, Erika Milam, Andrew Miranker, Michael Nachman, Barry Nalebuff, Tom Near, Daniel Osorio, Gail Patricelli, Robert B. Payne, Bryan Pfeiffer, Steven Pincus, Steven Pinker, Jeff Podos, Trevor Price, David Prum, Joanna Radin, Bill Rankin, Mark Robbins, Gil Rosenthal, David Rothenberg, Joan Roughgarden, Alexandre Roulin, Jed Rubenfeld, Dustin Rubenstein, Fred Rush, Bret Ryder, Lisa Sanders, Haun Saussy, Francis Sawyer, Sam See, Maria Servedio, Russ Shafer-Landau, Robert Shiller, Bryan Simmons, David Shuker, Bob Shulman, Stephen Stearns, Cassie Stoddard, Cordelia Swann, Gary Tomlinson, Chris Udry, Al Uy, Ralph Vetters, Michael Wade, Günter Wagner, David Watts, Mary Jane West-Eberhard, Tom Will, Catherine Wilson, Richard Wrangham, Marlene Zuk, and Kristof Zyskowski. I am sure there are others that I have forgotten! Much of the research presented in the book was done in collaboration with my students and postdocs. I am very thankful for the creative input, discussions, and hard work of Marina Anciães, Jacob Berv, Kimberly Bostwick, Patricia Brennan, Chris Clark, Teresa Feo, Todd Harvey, Jacob Musser, Vinod Saranathan, Ed Scholes, Sam Snow, Cassie Stoddard, and Kalliope Stournaras. I am thankful to my editor at Doubleday, Kristine Puopolo, and her assistant, Daniel Meyer, who gave me encouragement, thoughtful insights, and excellent observations all along the way. Beth Rashbaum worked tirelessly on editing several drafts of the entire book, and she helped make the book clearer, more accessible, and easier to read. I am deeply thankful to Beth for her patience, persistence, and insights. Of course, I alone remain responsible for all errors, oversights, and omissions in the work. I am very grateful to my agents, John Brockman and Katinka Matson, for their experience, advice, and guidance throughout the entire process. Writing can be a lonely and uncertain process. Early on in the project, I had an e-mail correspondence with the poet Carter Revard about aesthetic evolution in birds, nature, and the arts. In closing, Carter shared with me Robert Frost’s “The Tuft of Flowers,” which concludes with the lines: “Men work together,” I told him from the heart, “Whether they work together or apart.”

• From Saint Thomas Aquinas Collection (22 Books) (2016)

  ALCUIN. Christ, as man, being inferior to the Father, prays to Him for Lazarus’s resurrection; and declares that He is heard: And Jesus lifted up His eyes, and said, Father, I thank Thee that Thou hast heard Me. ORIGEN. (tom. xxviii.) He lifted up His eyes; mystically, He lifted up the human mind by prayer to the Father above. We should pray after Christ’s pattern, Lift up the eyes of our heart, and raise them above present things in memory, in thought, in intention. If to them who pray worthily after this fashion is given the promise in Isaiah, Thou shalt cry, and He shall say, Here I am; (Isa. 58:9) what answer, think we, our Lord and Saviour would receive? He was about to pray for the resurrection of Lazarus. He was heard by the Father before He prayed; His request was granted before mad. And therefore He begins with giving thanks; I thank Thee, Father, that Thou hast heard Me. CHRYSOSTOM. (Hom. lxiv. 2) i. e. There is no difference of will between Me and Thee. Thou hast heard Me, does not shew any lack of power in Him, or that He is inferior to the Father. It is a phrase that is used between friends and equals. That the prayer is not really necessary for Him, appears from the words that follow, And I knew that Thou heardest Me always: as if He said, I need not prayer to persuade Thee; for Ours is one will. He hides His meaning on account of the weak faith of His hearers. For God regards not so much His own dignity, as our salvation; and therefore seldom speaks loftily of Himself, and, even when He does, speaks in an obscure way; whereas humble expressions abound in His discourses. HILARY. (lib. x. de Trin.) He did not therefore need to pray: He prayed for our sakes, that we might know Him to be the Son: But because of the people which stand by I said it, that they may believe that Thou hast sent Me. His prayer did not benefit Himself, but benefited our faith. He did not want help, but we want instruction. CHRYSOSTOM. (Hom. lxiv. 2) He did not say, That they may believe that I am inferior to Thee, in that I cannot do this without prayer, but, that Thou hast sent Me. He saith not, hast sent Me weak, acknowledging subjection, doing nothing of Myself, but hast sent Me in such sense, as that man may see that I am from God, not contrary to God; and that I do this miracle in accordance with His will.

• From The Unexpected Legacy of Divorce: A 25-Year Landmark Study (2000)

  We want to thank Christina Rodriguez, our project coordinator, for her gentle, tactful persistence and organizational skills. Our heartfelt appreciation goes to many students in the psychology graduate programs at San Francisco State University for their dedication and time: Christina Rodriguez, Karen Flynn, Mary McGrath, Carmelina Borg, Kate Donchi, Kristen Reinsberg, Hector Menendez, Rachel Lentz, and Sophia Nahavandi. We want to say a special thank-you to our literary agent, Carol Mann, who was wonderfully supportive throughout and always there when needed. Also, we owe a debt of gratitude to Irene Williams for her remarkable talents as publicist and good friend. And finally we want to acknowledge the many people at Hyperion who made this project possible. Special thanks to Bob Miller, Martha Levin, and Jennifer Landers for bringing this book to light and especially to our editor, Peternelle van Arsdale, for her sustained efforts in helping us tell our story. Finally, we want to acknowledge our spouses and families. Judy wants to thank Bob Wallerstein for his helpful and wise consultation on research methodology throughout the life of the study and for his love, support, and confidence in her work over so many years. Julie gives thanks to Eric, Michael, and Marina Multhaup for their great generosity in sharing her with this endeavor. Sandy is grateful to her partner, Carl Moore, for his ever constant love and support. About the Author Judith S. Wallerstein is widely considered the world’s foremost authority on the effects of divorce on children. The founder of the Judith Wallerstein Center for the Family in Transition, she is a senior lecturer emerita at the School of Social Welfare at the University of California at Berkeley. She is the author, with Sandra Blakeslee, of the national bestsellers The Good Marriage and Second Chances, and with Dr. Joan Berlin Kelly of Surviving the Breakup. BOOKS BY JUDITH WALLERSTEIN, PH.D. Surviving the Breakup How Children and Parents Cope With Divorce with Joan Berlin Kelly, Ph.D. Second Chances Men, Women, and Children a Decade after Divorce with Sandra Blakeslee The Good Marriage How and Why Love Lasts with Sandra Blakeslee Copyright Copyright © 2000 Judith Wallerstein, Julia Lewis, and Sandra Blakeslee All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the non-exclusive, non-transferable right to access and read the text of this e-book on-screen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, down-loaded, decompiled, reverse engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereinafter invented, without the express written permission of Hyperion e-books. EPub Edition © AUGUST 2010 ISBN: 978-0-786-87073-8 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Wallerstein, Judith S. The unexpected legacy of divorce : a 25 year landmark study / by Judith Wallerstein, Julia M. Lewis and Sandra Blakeslee.—1st ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-7868-6394-3 1. Children of divorced parents—United States—Longitudinal studies. 2. Divorce—United States—Longitudinal studies.

• From Hillbilly Elegy (2016)

  Many of these folks read versions of the manuscript and provided critical feedback. I owe an incredible amount to my family, especially those who opened their hearts and shared memories, no matter how difficult or painful. My sister Lindsay Ratliff and Aunt Wee (Lori Meibers) deserve special thanks, both for helping me write this book and for supporting me throughout my life. I’m also grateful to Jim Vance, Dan Meibers, Kevin Ratliff, Mom, Bonnie Rose Meibers, Hannah Meibers, Kameron Ratliff, Meghan Ratliff, Emma Ratliff, Hattie Hounshell Blanton, Don Bowman (my dad), Cheryl Bowman, Cory Bowman, Chelsea Bowman, Lakshmi Chilukuri, Krish Chilukuri, Shreya Chilukuri, Donna Vance, Rachael Vance, Nate Vance, Lilly Hudson Vance, Daisy Hudson Vance, Gail Huber, Allan Huber, Mike Huber, Nick Huber, Denise Blanton, Arch Stacy, Rose Stacy, Rick Stacy, Amber Stacy, Adam Stacy, Taheton Stacy, Betty Sebastian, David Blanton, Gary Blanton, Wanda Blanton, Pet Blanton, Teaberry Blanton, and every crazy hillbilly I’ve ever had the honor to call my kin. Last, but certainly not least, is my darling wife, Usha, who read every single word of my manuscript literally dozens of times, offered needed feedback (even when I didn’t want it!), supported me when I felt like quitting, and celebrated with me during times of progress. So much of the credit for both this book and the happy life I lead belongs to her. Though it is one of the great regrets of my life that Mamaw and Papaw never met her, it is the source of my greatest joy that I did. Notes 1.Razib Khan, “The Scots-Irish as Indigenous People,” Discover (July 22, 2012), http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2012/07/the-scots-irish-as-indigenous-people/#.VY8zEBNViko. 2.“Kentucky Feudist Is Killed,” The New York Times (November 3, 1909). 3.Ibid. 4.Phillip J. Obermiller, Thomas E. Wagner, and E. Bruce Tucker, Appalachian Odyssey: Historical Perspectives on the Great Migration, (Westport, CT: Praeger, 2000), Chapter 1. 5.Ibid.; Khan, “The Scots-Irish as Indigenous People.” 6.Jack Temple Kirby, “The Southern Exodus, 1910–1960: A Primer for Historians,” The Journal of Southern History 49, no. 4 (November 1983), 585–600. 7.Ibid. 8.Ibid., 598. 9.Carl E. Feather, Mountain People in a Flat Land: A Popular History of Appalachian Migration to Northeast Ohio, 1940–1965 (Athens: Ohio University Press, 1998), 4. 10.Obermiller, Appalachian Odyssey, 145. 11.Kirby, “The Southern Exodus,” 598. 12.Elizabeth Kneebone, Carey Nadeau, and Alan Berube, “The Re-Emergence of Concentrated Poverty: Metropolitan Trends in the 2000s,” Brookings Institution (November 2011), http://www.brookings.edu/research/papers/2011/11/03-poverty-kneebone-nadeau-berube. 13.“Nice Work if You Can Get Out,” The Economist (April 2014), http://www.economist.com/news/finance-and-economics/21600989-why-rich-now-have-less-leisure-poor- nice-work-if-you-can-get-out. 14.Robert P. Jones and Daniel Cox, “Beyond Guns and God.” Public Religion Institute (2012), http://publicreligion.org/site/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/WWC-Report-For-Web-Final.pdf. 15.American Hollow (documentary), directed by Rory Kennedy (USA, 1999). 16.Linda Gorman, “Is Religion Good for You?,” The National Bureau of Economic Research, http://www.nber.org/digest/oct05/w11377.html. 17.Raj Chetty, et al., “Equality of Opportunity Project.” Equality of Opportunity.” 2014. http://www.equality-of-opportunity.org. (The authors’ “Rel. Tot. variable” measures religiosity in a given region. The South and Rust Belt score much lower than many regions of the country.) 18.Ibid.

• From Saint Thomas Aquinas Collection (22 Books) (2016)

  b. Unbelief in the justice of God; It shall come to pass at that time that I will search Jerusalem with lamps, and will visit upon the men that are settled on their lees; that say in their hearts, The Lord will not do good, nor will He do evil. Soph. 1:12. The fool hath said in his heart, There is no God. They are corrupt, and are become abominable in their ways. Ps. 13:1, 2. c. Temptations of the enemy; They will not set their thoughts to return to their God; for the spirit of fornication is in the midst of them, and they have not known the Lord. Osee 5:4. Evil suretiship hath undone many of good estate, and hath tossed them as a wave of the sea. It hath made powerful men to go from place to place round about, and they have wandered in strange countries. Ecclus. 29:23, 24. Be sober and watch, because your adversary the devil, as a roaring lion, goeth about, seeking whom he may devour. 1 Pet. 5:8. Thanksgiving O Holy Ghost, who doest wonders in nature and in grace, convert me to Thyself more and more. Take from me my heart of stone and make it a heart of flesh, on which may be written hymns of praise and love, for Thou art the Spirit of the living God. Thou art the light shining out of darkness. Shine in my heart, and give me the knowledge of the glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ. Strengthen me that I may always bear about in my body the dying of Jesus, that in me the life of Jesus may be manifested. Let Thy grace abound through many in thanksgiving to the glory of God; let it abound in my heart. Thy miracles are known on every Altar where Jesus gives to us the Bread of Life, His own Body and Blood. I have received Him into my soul; I have received the Incarnate Word, God and man. From Him with the Father Thou dost ever proceed. We give thanks and love and praise and glory and blessing to Thee. Thou, with Jesus, our Lord, art most high in the glory of God the Father. XIII About the three miracles in the possession of our Lord’s BodyB. These three miracles are worked by the power and perfection of consecration. They are to be noted in the possession of the Body of Jesus, which after consecration we still have with us. These are three wondrous signs: (1) a large body is contained under a little Host; (2) the same Body is in many places at the same time; (3) though this Body be in many places, it is not divided. (1) The first wonderful sign: in the possession of our Lord’s Body a large thing, that is, our Lord’s Body, is contained under a small appearance of bread. For this there is a threefold reason:

• From Hillbilly Elegy (2016)

  She encouraged me when I needed it, pushed me when I needed it, and guided me through a publication process that initially scared the hell out of me. She has the heart of a hillbilly and the mind of a poet, and I’m honored to call her a friend. Besides Tina, the person who deserves the most credit for this book’s existence is Amy Chua, my Yale contracts professor, who convinced me that both my life and the conclusions I drew from it were worth putting down on paper. She has the wisdom of a respected academic and the confident delivery of a Tiger Mother, and there were many times that I needed (and benefitted) from both. The entire team at Harper deserves tremendous credit. Jonathan Jao, my editor, helped me think critically about what I wanted the book to accomplish and had the patience to help me accomplish it. Sofia Groopman gave the book a fresh eye when it was desperately needed. Joanna, Tina, and Katie guided me through the publicity process with warmth and skill. Tim Duggan took a chance on this project and me when he had little reason to do so. For all of them, and their work on my behalf, I’m very thankful. Many people read various drafts and offered important feedback, from questioning the choice of a word in a particular sentence to doubting the wisdom of deleting an entire chapter. Charles Tyler read a very early draft and forced me to hone in on a few core themes. Kyle Bumgarner and Sam Rudman offered helpful feedback early in the writing process. Kiel Brennan-Marquez, who has had the official and unofficial burden of teaching me writing for many years, read and critiqued multiple drafts. I appreciate all of their efforts. I’m grateful to the many people who opened up about their lives and work, including Jane Rex, Sally Williamson, Jennifer McGuffey, Mindy Farmer, Brian Campbell, Vicki Baldwin, Stevie Van Gordon, Sherry Gaston, Katrina Reed, Elizabeth Wilkins, JJ Snidow, and Jim Williamson. They made the book better by exposing me to new ideas and experiences. I’ve been fortunate to have Darrell Stark, Nate Ellis, Bill Zaboski, Craig Baldwin, Jamil Jivani, Ethan (Doug) Fallang, Kyle Walsh, and Aaron Kash in my life, and I consider each of them more brother than friend. I’ve been fortunate, too, to have mentors and friends of incredible ability, each of whom ensured that I had access to opportunities I simply didn’t deserve. They include: Ron Selby, Mike Stratton, Shannon Arledge, Shawn Haney, Brad Nelson, David Frum, Matt Johnson, Judge David Bunning, Reihan Salam, Ajay Royan, Fred Moll, and Peter Thiel.

• From Sin: The Early History of an Idea (2012)

  In City of God, Augustine invokes this divine inscrutability to account for all of salvation history. Why did God allow the rebel angels to revolt? Why create humanity, if he foreknew that sin would be the result? Why proceed at all, if so much of his creation would be doomed to eternal punishment? “This was God’s decision; a just decree, however inscrutable to us,” counsels Augustine. “For Scripture says, ‘All the Lord’s ways are mercy and truth’ (Ps 25.10). His grace cannot be unjust; nor can his justice be unkind” (City of God 12.28). We can neither see nor know how God is just; we can only affirm by faith that he is just. If out of pure mercy God chooses to save some from their justly deserved penalty of eternal damnation, then the only appropriate and pious response is to be grateful for his compassion. But whom does God save from sin, whom does he relinquish to sin? Augustine answers, The whole of mankind is a massa perditionis, a condemned lump, for he who committed the first sin was punished, and along with him all the stock which had its roots in him. The result is that there is no escape for anyone from this justly deserved punishment, except by merciful and undeserved grace. Humanity is divided between those in whom the power of merciful grace is demonstrated, and those in whom is shown the might of just retribution. Neither of these could be displayed in respect of all mankind, for if all had remained condemned . . . then God’s merciful grace would not have been seen . . . and if all had been transferred from darkness to light, then the truth of God’s vengeance would not have been made evident. Many more are condemned by vengeance than are released by mercy. (21.12) Thus Augustine dedicates the penultimate book of this long work, City of God 21, to an exploration of eternal condemnation. Both the wicked and the saved will be raised in their physical bodies at the end-time, he asserts. The question then becomes: Can a fleshly body endure pain that is eternal (21.3)? Can it burn forever, without being consumed (21.2)? Yes indeed, Augustine responds: since raised flesh will be constituted differently from the way flesh currently is, God will arrange hell so that “the worm will never die and the fire never go out.” This will be achieved by “a miracle done by the omnipotent Creator” (21.9).

• From Saint Thomas Aquinas Collection (22 Books) (2016)

  AMBROSE. Blessed then is that inn-keeper who is able to cure the wounds of another; blessed is he to whom Jesus says, Whatsoever thou hast spent more, when I come again I will repay thee. But when wilt thou return, O Lord, save on the Judgment day? For though Thou art ever every where, and though standing in the midst of us, art not perceived by us, yet the time will be in which all flesh shall behold Thee coming again. Thou wilt then restore what Thou owest to the blessed, whose debtor Thou art. Would that we were confident debtors, that we could pay what we had received! CYRIL OF ALEXANDRIA. After what has gone before, our Lord fitly questions the lawyer; Which of these three thinkest thou was neighbour to him who fell among thieves? But he said, He that shewed mercy on him. For neither Priest nor Levite became neighbour to the sufferer, but he only who had compassion on him. For vain is the dignity of the Priesthood, and the knowledge of the Law, unless they are confirmed by good works. Hence it follows, And Jesus saith unto him, Go and do thou likewise. CHRYSOSTOM. (in Heb. Hom. 10.) As if He said, If thou seest any one oppressed, say not, Surely he is wicked; but be he Gentile or Jew and need help, dispute not, he has a claim to thy assistance, into whatever evil he has fallen. AUGUSTINE. (de. Doc. Chris. lib. i. c. 30.) Hereby we understand that he is our neighbour, to whomsoever we must shew the duty of compassion, if he need it, or would have shewn if he had needed it. From which it follows, that even he who must in his turn shew us this duty, is our neighbour. For the name of neighbour has relation to something else, nor can any one be a neighbour, save to a neighbour; but that no one is excluded to whom the office of mercy is to be denied, is plain to all; as our Lord says, Do good to them that hate you. (Matt. 5:44.) Hence it is clear, that in this command by which we are bid to love our neighbour, the holy angels are included, by whom such great offices of mercy are bestowed upon us. Therefore our Lord Himself wished also to be called our neighbour, representing Himself to have assisted the half dead man who lay in the way. AMBROSE. For relationship does not make a neighbour, but compassion, for compassion is according to nature. For nothing is so natural as to assist one who shares our nature. 10:38–4238. Now it came to pass, as they went, that he entered into a certain village: and a certain woman named Martha received him into her house. 39. And she had a sister called Mary, which also sat at Jesus’ feet, and heard his word.

• From From Shame to Sin: The Christian Transformation of Sexual Morality in Late Antiquity (2013)

  In numerous ways my alma mater and employer, the University of Oklahoma, has made this book possible. Audiences in Classics, Judaic Studies, and Modern Languages and Literature have listened to various parts of the book and offered stimulating conversation. I would like to thank Jordan Shuart and Jill Chance for very capable research assistance and the Honors College for enabling such assistance. The staff at Bizzell Library—especially in circulation and interlibrary loan—have been astonishingly generous with a difficult patron. My Department and its chairman, Sam Huskey, have offered unwavering support, as has the entire administration, most of all President David Boren. To my friends who make the University of Oklahoma an intellectually lively place, especially on Fridays, I am grateful—Kevin Butterfield, Rangar Cline, Don Maletz, Jason Houston, Justin Wert, Luis Cortest, David Anderson, Kermyt Anderson, Jonathan Havercroft, Erik Braun, David Chappell, Eric Lomazoff, Amber Rose, Janet Ward, Dustin Gish, Jane Wickersham, David Wrobel, and Andrew Porwancher. It has been a pleasure working with Sharmila Sen and the staff of Harvard University Press. I am grateful to the anonymous reader who made a number of invaluable suggestions. Above all, I would like to express my gratitude to Glen Bowersock, whose thoughtful guidance has made this a much better book; I have learned much from him about late antiquity in general and literature in particular. It is an honor to be included in the Revealing Antiquity series. Of course, all remaining infelicities and errors are my own stubborn fault. Lastly, I thank my family for their continuous support. Mom, Haley, and Lance are always there for me. My daughter Sylvie is perfect, and she has taught me so much already. The book is dedicated to my amazing wife Michelle, τ ὸ κ ά λλ ο ς ο ὐ κ ἀ ν θ ρ ώ π ι ν ο ν ἀ λλ ὰ θ ε ῖ ο ν . Without her love and support it could never have been written. Index Achilles Tatius, 9–10, 19–23, 37–38, 44, 51, 52–53, 58, 70–71, 77–79, 80, 82, 99, 107, 113–114, 123–125, 166, 182, 197, 201–204, 205, 231, 234–235 Actors/actresses, 48, 186, 192, 218, 219, 226–228 Acts, apocryphal, 17, 106–107, 206–213 Adultery, 20, 32, 35, 39, 42–44, 46, 47, 55–56, 67, 74, 90, 97, 100–101, 104, 105, 108, 113, 114, 131, 143–146, 148, 155, 162–165, 168, 170, 173, 175, 179, 188, 199, 241–242 Aelius Aristides, 59 Ambrose of Milan, 165 Anastasius, 186 Androgyny, 33, 96, 147 Antinous, 27–28 Aphrodite, 23, 30, 37, 53, 58, 65, 67, 70, 86, 87, 93, 135, 221, Apocalypse of Peter, 99 Apologetic literature, 13, 83, 100–107, 117–118, 121, 127, 135–136, 176, 221 Aristaenetus, 243 Artemidorus, 28, 146, Artemis, 51, 86, 234 Astrology, 13, 31, 83, 99, 122–129, 140, 144, 151, 175 Athenagoras, 103–104, 111 Athens, 25, 51, 68, 80, 108, Augustine, 4, 49, 118, 140, 154, 160, 161, 165, 166, 167, 172–174, 175–180, 183–184, 238–239 Augustus, 28, 38–39, 43, 64, 148, 168 Avodah Zarah, 214–217, 220 Bardaisan, 124–128, 130, 175

• From The Unexpected Legacy of Divorce: A 25-Year Landmark Study (2000)

  Some had relatives, especially grandparents, who loved them and provided close-up role models for what was possible. Some had childhood memories from before the divorce that gave them hope and self-confidence when they felt like giving up. Only a few had mentors, but when they came along they were greatly appreciated. One young man told me, “My boss has been like a father to me, the father that I always wanted and never had.” Men and women alike were especially grateful to lovers who stood by them and insisted that they stick around for the long haul. Karen’s husband undoubtedly played a major part in her recovery. Finally, a third of the men and women in our study sought professional help from therapists and found, in individual sessions, that they could establish a trusting relationship with another person and use it to get at the roots of their difficulties. It helped that they were young because it meant they had the energy and determination to really change their lives. Clearly people enter adulthood “unfinished,” which means the decade of the twenties lends itself to personal development and change. M FOUR What If They’d Stayed Together—and What If They Can’t? ost people tend to believe that if a husband and wife are unhappy with each other, their children will also be unhappy. This opinion is based on the notion that unhappy parents will inevitably engage in overt conflict and that their children will find this very distressing and frightening. What’s left out of the equation are the many families like Gary’s where the parents refrain from fighting to maintain household peace and the integrity of their parenting. Gary takes us into the heart of growing up into adulthood within this kind of family. What is it like? How does an unhappy marriage that stays together for the sake of the children shape the lives of those children as they become adolescents and adults? How does parental commitment to maintaining a marriage play out in their lives? Gary had described with gusto his happy memories of childhood play but had not revealed what he meant by the indoor version of his family. He obviously preferred the good memories. I wondered if the “indoor version” he mentioned would entail stresses similar to those I saw between Karen’s parents or in other couples who decided to divorce. Gary was hinting strongly that his parents marriage, while intact, wasn’t all that great. “You haven’t got to the indoor version,” I reminded him. “What was that all about?”

• From Saint Thomas Aquinas Collection (22 Books) (2016)

  Objection 3: Further, as related Jn. 5:18, “the Jews sought to kill” Christ because “He did not only break the sabbath, but also said God was His Father, making Himself equal to God.” But these things seemed to be only against the Law of the Jews: hence they themselves said (Jn. 19:7): “According to the Law He ought to die because He made Himself the Son of God.” It seems fitting, therefore, that Christ should suffer, at the hands not of the Gentiles, but of the Jews, and that what they said was untrue: “It is not lawful for us to put any man to death,” since many sins are punishable with death according to the Law, as is evident from Lev. 20. On the contrary, our Lord Himself says (Mat. 20:19): “They shall deliver Him to the Gentiles to be mocked, and scourged, and crucified.” I answer that, The effect of Christ’s Passion was foreshown by the very manner of His death. For Christ’s Passion wrought its effect of salvation first of all among the Jews, very many of whom were baptized in His death, as is evident from Acts 2:41 and Acts 4:4. Afterwards, by the preaching of Jews, Christ’s Passion passed on to the Gentiles. Consequently it was fitting that Christ should begin His sufferings at the hands of the Jews, and, after they had delivered Him up, finish His Passion at the hands of the Gentiles. Reply to Objection 1: In order to demonstrate the fulness of His love, on account of which He suffered, Christ upon the cross prayed for His persecutors. Therefore, that the fruits of His petition might accrue to Jews and Gentiles, Christ willed to suffer from both. Reply to Objection 2: Christ’s Passion was the offering of a sacrifice, inasmuch as He endured death of His own free-will out of charity: but in so far as He suffered from His persecutors it was not a sacrifice, but a most grievous sin. Reply to Objection 3: As Augustine says (Tract. cxiv in Joan.): “The Jews said that ‘it is not lawful for us to put any man to death,’ because they understood that it was not lawful for them to put any man to death” owing to the sacredness of the feast-day, which they had already begun to celebrate. or, as Chrysostom observes (Hom. lxxxiii in Joan.), because they wanted Him to be slain, not as a transgressor of the Law, but as a public enemy, since He had made Himself out to be a king, of which it was not their place to judge. Or, again, because it was not lawful for them to crucify Him (as they wanted to), but to stone Him, as they did to Stephen. Better still is it to say that the power of putting to death was taken from them by the Romans, whose subjects they were.

• From The Unexpected Legacy of Divorce: A 25-Year Landmark Study (2000)

  Throughout most of those years, the foundation’s executive director, Edward Nathan, provided the professional leadership and vision that made what we have achieved possible. We are also profoundly grateful to the San Francisco Foundation, which, under the direction of former executive director Martin Paley, established in 1980 the Judith Wallerstein Center for the Family in Transition —a nonprofit, free-standing agency that brings together a range of educational and counseling services along with research and advocacy projects aimed at helping divorced and remarried families. The Center, which has served over six thousand children and their parents, is a tribute to Mr. Paley’s enlightened leadership and remains the only such facility in the world. We have been enormously helped throughout the writing of the book by eminent demographers and sociologists who have been generous with their knowledge. We are especially grateful to Norval Glenn, Ashbel Smith, Professor of Sociology at the University of Texas at Austin; to Larry Bumpass, professor of sociology, Center for Demography and Ecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison; and to Nicholas Wolfinger, assistant professor of sociology at the University of Utah. Colleagues and friends in different disciplines have read the manuscript and given us the benefit of their expertise and recommendations. We are especially grateful to Jan Blakeslee, whose comments were wonderfully supportive and instructive in the final stages of the book; Janet Johnston, executive director of the Judith Wallerstein Center and associate professor of sociology in the administration of justice department at San Jose State University; and to Mary Ann Mason, professor of social welfare at the University of California at Berkeley. All gave excellent advice on different sections of the book. We have benefited from consultations with Mary Halbert, J.D., who practices family law in Marin County and enlightened us about negotiating custody and visitation plans. We thank Amy Freidman for helping us locate members of our comparison group and Marci Hansen, professor of special education at San Francisco State University, for sharing her informed perspective on divorce and stress in families with vulnerable children. We received expert consultation about the impact on children of witnessing domestic violence and advice about court-related programs for families and children from Professor Jeffrey I. Edleson, director of the Minnesota Center Against Violence and Abuse (MINCAVA) at the University of Minnesota School of Social Work in St. Paul, and Susan Hanks, Ph.D., coordinator for special services in the Office of Family Court Services of the Judicial Council of California. For consistency of style, this book was written as if the senior author had interviewed all the subjects. In real life this daunting task was shared with others over a five-year period.

• From The Evolution of Beauty: How Darwin's Forgotten Theory of Mate Choice Shapes the Animal World—and Us (2017)

  an exclusively human gaze: The “human gaze” refers to a power relation between the human and the natural that places human sensory and material gratification as the objective purpose of nature. Analogous to the “male gaze,” this anthropocentric perspective prevents the recognition of organismal agency and the autonomous aesthetic ends of other species. art is a form of communication: Prum (2013). In a now classic paper: Danto (1964). nearly half of all species: Song-learning birds include oscine passerines, parrots, hummingbirds, and Procnias bellbirds (Cotingidae). For an introduction to bird song learning and its cultural consequences, see Kroodsma (2005). Similar aesthetic cultural processes: A dramatic case of aesthetic cultural revolution in Australian populations of humpback whales has been documented by Noad et al. (2000). it is difficult to define the arts: In Prum (2013), I provide a detailed analysis of the impact of various definitions of art on whether there are nonhuman arts. the harbor of West Jonesport, Maine: For this lovely trip to the Bay of Fundy all those years ago, I am deeply indebted to Mary and Richard Burton-Beinecke, with whom I have sadly lost contact. Mary was a Unitarian minister in nearby Arlington, Vermont, and we met the previous spring in a bird-watching course organized by the Vermont Institute of Natural Science and taught by my (now lifelong) friend Tom Will. Mary and Richard were kind enough to take me along on their trip to Machais Seal Island and thereby contributed substantially to my growing obsession with birds. BibliographyAdler, M. 2009. “Sexual Conflict in Waterfowl: Why Do Females Resist Extra-pair Copulations?” Behavioral Ecology 21:182–92. Akerlof, G. A., and R. J. Shiller. 2009. Animal Spirits: How Human Psychology Drives the Economy, and Why It Matters for Global Capitalism. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. Allen, M. L., and W. B. Lemmon. 1981. “Orgasm in Female Primates.” American Journal of Primatology 1:15–34. Amundson, R. 2005. The Changing Role of the Embryo in Evolutionary Thought: Roots of Evo-Devo. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. Andersson, M. 1994. Sexual Selection. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. Bagemihl, B. 1999. Biological Exuberance: Animal Homosexuality and Natural Diversity. New York: St. Martin’s Press. Bailey, N. W., and A. J. Moore. 2012. “Runaway Sexual Selection Without Genetic Correlations: Social Environments and Flexible Mate Choice Initiate and Enhance the Fisher Process.” Evolution 66:2674–84. Bailey, N. W., and M. Zuk. 2009. “Same-Sex Sexual Behavior and Evolution.” Trends in Ecology & Evolution 24:439–46. Baker, R. R., and M. A. Bellis. 1993. “Human Sperm Competition: Ejaculate Manipulation by Females and a Function for the Female Orgasm.” Animal Behaviour 46:887–909. Barkse, J., B. A. Schlinger, M. Wikelski, and L. Fusani. 2011. “Female Choice for Male Motor Skills.” Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 278:3523–28. Beebe, W. 1926. Pheasants: Their Lives and Homes. 2 vols. New York: New York Zoological Garden and Doubleday. Beehler, B. M., and M. S. Foster. 1988. “Hotshots, Hotspots, and Female Preference in the Organization of Lek Mating Systems.” American Naturalist 131:203–19.

• From The Unexpected Legacy of Divorce: A 25-Year Landmark Study (2000)

  Most have no experience in observing their parents as a couple reacting to illness or helping buffer each other from the stresses of work and home or the changes of getting older. It is an additional loss that is hardly ever noted. I AM GRATEFUL to both Karen and Gary for sharing their stories with such honesty and integrity. By telling us about their lives for the last twenty-five years, they paint a vivid portrait of what it was like to come of age in America’s crazy divorce culture. The fact that both are in stable marriages, raising children as a priority in their lives, bodes well for a society that is so often worried about its future. As we are about to see in coming chapters, other children of divorce and others raised in intact marriages have had very different experiences from Karen’s and Gary’s, with very different outcomes. THREE Growing Up Is Harder O ne of the many myths of our divorce culture is that divorce automatically rescues children from an unhappy marriage. Indeed, many parents cling to this belief as a way of making themselves feel less guilty. No one wants to hurt his or her child, and thinking that divorce is a solution to everyone’s pain genuinely helps. Moreover, it’s true that divorce delivers a child from a violent or cruel marriage (which we will soon see in Chapter 7 ). However, when one looks at the thousands of children that my colleagues and I have interviewed at our center since 1980, most of whom were from moderately unhappy marriages that ended in divorce, one message is clear: the children do not say they are happier. Rather, they say flatly, “The day my parents divorced is the day my childhood ended.” What do they mean? Typically parent and child relationships change radically after divorce—temporarily or, as in Karen’s family, permanently. Ten years after the breakup only one-half of the mothers and one-quarter of the fathers in our study were able to provide the kind of nurturant care that had distinguished their parenting before the divorce. To go back to what Gary said about his parents being “offstage” while he grew up, after a divorce one or both parents often move onto center stage and refuse to budge. The child becomes the backstage prop manager making sure the show goes on. What most parents don’t realize is that their children can be reasonably content despite the failing marriage. Kids are not necessarily overwhelmed with distress because Mommy and Daddy are arguing. In fact, children and adults can cope pretty well in protecting one another during the stress of a failing marriage or unhappy intact marriage.

• From Saint Thomas Aquinas Collection (22 Books) (2016)

  CHRYSOSTOM. A further reward also He promises, saying, He who receiveth a prophet in the name of a prophet, shall receive a prophet’s reward. He said not merely, Whoso receiveth a prophet, or a righteous man, but in the name of a prophet, and in the name of a righteous man; that is, not for any greatness in this life, or other temporal account, but because he is a prophet, or a righteous man. JEROME. Otherwise; To this His exhortation to the disciple to entertain his teacher, there might a secret objection arise among the faithful; then shall we have to support the false prophets, or Judas the traitor. To this end it is that the Lord instructs them in these words, that it is not the person but the office that they should look to; and that the entertainer loses not his reward, though he whom he entertains be unworthy. CHRYSOSTOM. A prophet’s reward, and a righteous man’s reward, are such rewards as it is fitting he should have who entertains a prophet, or a righteous man: or, such a reward as a prophet or righteous man should have. GREGORY. (Hom. in Ev. xx. 12.) He says not, a reward from a prophet, or righteous man, but the reward of a prophet or righteous man. For the prophet is perhaps a righteous man, and the less he possesses in this world, the greater confidence has he in speaking in behalf of righteousness. He who hath of this world’s goods, in supporting such a man, makes himself a free partaker in his righteousness, and shall receive the reward of righteousness together with him whom he has aided by supporting him. He is full of the spirit of prophecy, but he lacks bodily sustenance, and if the body be not supported, it is certain that the voice will fail. Whoso then gives a prophet food, gives him strength for speaking, therefore together with the prophet he shall receive the prophet’s reward, when he shews before the face of God what bounty he shewed him. JEROME. Mystically; He who receives a prophet as a prophet, and understands him speaking of things to come, he shall receive reward of that prophet. The Jews therefore, who understand the prophets carnally, do not receive the prophet’s reward. REMIGIUS. Some understand by the prophet here, the Lord Jesus Christ, of whom Moses says, A Prophet shall the Lord your God raise up unto you; (Deut. 18:18.) and the same also by the righteous man, because he is beyond comparison righteous. He then who shall receive a prophet or righteous man in the name of the prophet or righteous man, i. e. of Christ, shall receive reward from Him for love of whom he received Him.

• From Combating Cult Mind Control: The Guide to Protection, Rescue and Recovery from Destructive Cults (1988)

  Dr. Lifton wrote Witness to an Extreme Century: A Memoir (Free Press, 2011). I was fortunate to sit him down for two videotaped interviews which are on the freedomofmind.com website. Acknowledgments To Misia Landau—anthropologist, science writer, artist, photographer, and my loving wife, who is strong enough to deal with all the stresses of life with an activist—thank you for all your incredible support on many levels. You have helped me write, strategize, and cope. You have been my number one. Special thanks for putting your own writing projects and art classes aside to help me ready this book for publication by editing and advising every step of the way. Thank you in ways far more than words could ever communicate. To our son Matthew, who is the joy of our lives: what a gift you have been. Thank you for being you. With heartfelt gratitude, I thank my parents, Milton and Estelle Hassan, for all their love and support. Whenever I needed them, they were there for me. They risked everything to rescue me from the Moonies, and I will be forever grateful that they did. I wish to thank my sisters, Thea and Stephanie, as well as my brothers-inlaw, Doug and Ken, for all they have done throughout the years. Thea and Doug helped save me more than once. They also did much to take care of my folks in their waning years. To their sons, Michael and Scott, and their families: thank you. My aunt and uncle, Phyllis and Mort Slotnick, and their children Debbie and Mark, whom I grew up with, have always provided strong support. To Misia’s sisters, Lauren Broch and Ricki Grossman; their husbands, Danny and Dennis; and my niece Sarah and my nephews Ben, Noah, and David: thanks for being my extended family. I wish to thank Gary Rosenberg, Michael Strom, Nestor Garcia, and Gladys Gonzalez for their willingness to spend five very difficult days in 1976 counseling me back to reality. Without their help, I might have spent many more years in the Moonies. I have recently rediscovered Nestor on LinkedIn; he is now a psychiatrist in Florida. Gladys also lives in Florida and is a social worker. Gary, unfortunately, passed away. Mike, where are you? Special acknowledgments go to my first wife of seven years, Aureet Bar-Yam, who lived through the creation and the original publication of this book. She died in a tragic accident, trying to rescue our Golden Retriever from an icy pond in 1991. I will always remember her for her love, talent, intelligence, and willingness to help others. Her parents, Drs. Zvi and Miriam Bar-Yam, and their children Sageet and Yaneer and their families, have continued to be sources of much love, inspiration, and help, in ways too numerous to recount.

• From Just Mercy: A Story of Justice and Redemption (2014)

  I want to especially thank Aaryn Urell and Randy Susskind for feedback and editing. Additionally, I’m grateful to Eva Ansley and Evan Parzych for research assistance. Finally, I cannot say enough about Doug Abrams, agent extraordinaire, who persuaded me to take on this project. Without his invaluable guidance, encouragement, and friendship, this book would not have been possible. Author’s Note W ith more than two million incarcerated people in the United States, an additional six million people on probation or parole and an estimated sixty-eight million Americans with criminal records, there are endless opportunities for you to do something about criminal justice policy or help the incarcerated or formerly incarcerated. If you have interest in working with or supporting volunteer programs that serve incarcerated people, organizations that provide re-entry assistance to the formerly incarcerated or organizations around the globe that seek reform of criminal justice policy, please contact us at the Equal Justice Initiative in Montgomery, Alabama. You can visit our website at www.eji.org or email us at contact_us@eji.org . PHOTO: © NINA SUBIN B RYAN S TEVENSON is the executive director of the Equal Justice Initiative in Montgomery, Alabama, and a professor of law at New York University Law School. He has won relief for dozens of condemned prisoners, argued five times before the Supreme Court, and won national acclaim for his work challenging bias against the poor and people of color. He has received numerous awards, including the MacArthur Foundation “Genius” Grant. eji.org What’s next on your reading list? Discover your next great read! Get personalized book picks and up-to-date news about this author. Sign up now. _150361393_ Chapter Two Stand A fter spending the first year and a half of my legal career sleeping on Steve Bright’s living room couch in Atlanta, it was time to find an apartment of my own. When I’d started working in Atlanta, staff were scrambling to handle one crisis after another. I was immediately thrown into litigation with pressing deadlines and didn’t have time to find a place to live—and my $14,000 annual salary didn’t leave me with much money for rent—so Steve kindly took me in. Living in Steve’s small Grant Park duplex allowed me to question him nonstop about the complex issues and challenges our cases and clients presented. Each day we dissected big and small issues from morning until midnight. I loved it. But when a law school classmate, Charles Bliss, moved to Atlanta for a job with the Atlanta Legal Aid Society, we realized that if we pooled our meager salaries, we could afford a low-rent apartment. Charlie and I had started at Harvard Law School together and had lived in the same dorm as first-year students.

• From Etched in Sand (2013)

  Acknowledgments MY JOURNEY WAS substantially smoother and sometimes purely adventurous because of my loving sister Camille, who although our paths are quite different, never stopped walking beside me as I carved out mine. Her trust in me telling our story through my perspective was vital to this book being written. My oldest sister Cherie was apprehensive at first, but after reading an early draft quickly came around to supporting the book and went further by encouraging me to share the tough aspects of her story. She is now delightfully relieved that we can finally embrace our history rather than fear its disclosure, and for her confidence I am truly thankful. Much appreciation goes to my brother Norman for supporting the book, despite his quest for peaceful solitude. Boundless love and adoration to Rosie, who has her own story to tell, which I’ll encourage her to do as she did with mine, but, of course, only when she is ready. I am forever grateful to my companion, Todd Ciaravino, who, regardless of how unconventional my endeavors, is always along for the ride. He wholeheartedly encouraged me to write my story when it was just a seedling, and he helped me bring it to full bloom, as did his very endearing family. Also, I owe much to my confidante and closest friend, Melanie McEvoy, whose glitter makes all those around her sparkle. She shares my life with me on the North Fork—it would not be home without her nearby. You both ground me. A significant chapter of my story would have been missing had it not been for my aunt Julia—her courage and steadfast commitment to the truth set me free. She never stopped looking out for me and I know that she still is. There are those who prevail in their lives using instinct—understanding the pitfalls yet willing to stray from the familiar. To bring my story forward three women did just that—Lisa Sharkey, Amy Bendell, and Krissy Gasbarre. This book would not have come to fruition without Lisa Sharkey of HarperCollins. Lisa had the courage to take my story on and follow her instinct—she never wavered from her faith in me or my story. Amy Bendell, my editor, was my other early enthusiast. Her intuition and sensibilities shepherded this story throughout. She knew what we should tell more of, when less was more, and

• From Etched in Sand (2013)

  This page would not be complete if I did not express sincere gratitude to the charities and county and state government that provided us desperately needed services and the dedicated public servants whose attention kept us moving forward. We are now thriving and as a result have created a generation of independent, compassionate children, who are already giving back through church and charity. About the Author REGINA M. CALCATERRA, ESQUIRE, serves for Governor Andrew Cuomo as the executive director of the New York State Moreland Commission on Utility Storm Preparation and Response. Regina’s state appointment rose from her position as chief deputy to Suffolk County Executive Steve Bellone, where she assisted him in managing the day-to-day operations of the county and managed the county’s response and immediate recovery to Superstorm Sandy. The majority of Regina’s private sector experience was as a partner to Barrack, Rodos & Bacine, an internationally recognized securities litigation firm, where she represented defrauded public and labor pension funds by recouping billions of dollars from those who committed corporate fraud on Wall Street. Combined, she has twenty-five years in public- and private-sector experience, including serving as an adjunct professor of political science at CUNY Baruch College. For over a decade Regina served as a frequent commentator of policy and politics on nationwide television and also contributed op-eds on national and local issues. She proudly serves as a board member to You Gotta Believe, an organization that works toward finding older foster children forever homes. She is a graduate of the State University of New York, New Paltz, and Seton Hall University School of Law, and is admitted to practice law in the State of New York, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, and the Eastern and Southern U.S. District Courts. Discover great authors, exclusive offers, and more at hc.com . Credits Cover design by Mumtaz Mustafa Photograph © by Fernando Arias Ramos / Trevillion Images Copyright ETCHED IN SAND. Copyright © 2013 by Regina Calcaterra. All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the nonexclusive, nontransferable right to access and read the text of this e-book on-screen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, downloaded, decompiled, reverse-engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereafter invented, without the express written permission of HarperCollins e-books. FIRST EDITION ISBN 978-0-06-221883-4 EPub Edition AUGUST 2013 ISBN 9780062218841 Version 12272017 13 14 15 16 17 OV/RRD 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 About the Publisher Australia HarperCollins Publishers Australia Pty. Ltd. Level 13, 201 Elizabeth Street Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia www.harpercollins.com.au Canada HarperCollins Canada 2 Bloor Street East - 20th Floor Toronto, ON M4W 1A8, Canada www.harpercollins.ca New Zealand HarperCollins Publishers New Zealand Unit D1, 63 Apollo Drive Rosedale 0632 Auckland, New Zealand www.harpercollins.co.nz United Kingdom HarperCollins Publishers Ltd.

• From The Evolution of Beauty: How Darwin's Forgotten Theory of Mate Choice Shapes the Animal World—and Us (2017)

  AcknowledgmentsI am indebted to many people for their insights, advice, assistance, and support during the writing and production of this book. Personally, I am grateful to my wife, Ann Johnson Prum, for her enthusiastic encouragement, helpful insights, editing advice, patience, and understanding along the way. I also thank my children, Gus, Owen, and Liam, for their open-hearted curiosity and interest. I thank my twin sister, Katherine, for her inspiration and understanding. Living shared, parallel lives as children had an immeasurable impact on me, my interest in feminism, and in the deep mystery of the subjective experiences of others. I would like to thank my parents, Bruce Prum and Joan Gahan Prum, who encouraged my interest in birds, science, and travel from my earliest days. The writing of this book was supported by several fellowships. The book was begun in 2011–12 during an Ikerbasque Science Fellowship from the Ikerbasque Science Foundation and the Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) in Donostia–San Sebastian, Spain. I am grateful to Pedro Miguel Echenique and Javier Aizpurua at the DIPC for their interest and support. The book was (nearly) completed during a fellowship at the Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin in 2015. The “Wiko” provided a marvelously productive, scholarly, and collegial environment, and I thank the many new friends I met there. The project was also supported by funds from the William Robertson Coe Fund at Yale University and by a fellowship from the MacArthur Foundation. I am thankful to Michael DiGiorgio and Rebecca Gelernter for their beautiful drawings and illustrations and to Juan José Arango, Brett Benz, Rafael Bessa, Marc Chrétien, Michael Dolittle, Ronan Donovan, Rodrigo Gavaria Obregón, Tim Laman, Kevin McCracken, Bryan Pfeiffer, João Quental, Ed Scholes, and Jim Zipp for permission to reproduce their lovely photographs.