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Sadness

Sadness is the low, quiet weather of the emotions — a depletion more than a sharp hurt, the body slowing, the gaze turning inward, the energy for the world withdrawing for a while. It does not always have a single cause it can name, which is part of what distinguishes it from grief. Vela reads sadness as a primary emotion worth staying with rather than fixing, and follows the writers who have refused to rush it toward a moral.

Working definition · Low, quiet hurt or depletion—not always tied to a single identifiable loss.

4232 passages · 1 Vela essay · in 1 cluster

Vela’s read on this emotion

Sadness is the emotion the culture is most impatient with, and the impatience is the first thing the reading sets aside. Sadness is not depression, and it is not a problem to be solved; it is a register the body moves through, and the writers worth following have let it take the time it takes.

The reading is densest in the memoir of mood and the contemplative literature of lament. Kay Redfield Jamison's writing on the moods holds sadness as both a weather and, sometimes, an illness — and keeps the two distinguishable. The Hebrew Psalms preserve an unembarrassed grammar of sadness: the lament that complains to God without resolving, the long ode of the downcast soul. The Japanese aesthetic of mono no aware — the gentle sadness in the passing of things — names a register the Western inheritance often lacks the vocabulary for. The fiction that holds a quiet sorrow at its center reads sadness as something other than failure.

Sadness is not the same as grief, despair, or depression. Grief has a specific absent object; sadness can arrive without one. Despair has lost the future; sadness has only dimmed the present. Depression is sadness become a condition the body cannot lift itself out of by waiting. The four overlap constantly and the reading keeps them separate, because the writers most honest about each have kept them separate.

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Long-form guide in the magazine

An essay on how this word lives in language, in the tagged corpus, and in figurative art when curators pair passage with image — not a list of stages, not permission to feel.

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Passages

Every passage tagged with this emotion in the Vela corpus. Search the body text, narrow by source or register, click through to a book’s profile to see how the passage sits with the rest of the work.

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4232 tagged passages

  • From Synanon Kid: Book One: A Memoir of Growing Up in the Synanon Cult

    At night, I awoke to her unwinding my small braids while praying to the saints for salvation before settling down to sleep. Often she stood hunched over the bathroom sink, washing her hands repeatedly while muttering Hail Marys. Other times she fingered the glass beads, creaking to and fro in her rocking chair and frowning at the injustices of her life. The Catholic churches I attended with my grandmother matched her melancholy mood with their poorly lit, cavernous interiors, stained glass windows and portraits of sad-looking saints. Behind the altar, Jesus hung on the cross, imbued with eternal sorrow. Expected to sit still on a hard bench for the hour we spent at church services, I inevitably swung my legs and received sharp pinches from my grandmother’s quick fingers. As we rose, knelt, rose, sat and sang with the other congregants, our voices reached to the high ceiling and outward, the echoes circulating like mournful ghosts. If I fidgeted again, my grandmother’s hand closed firmly around my wrist, cutting off circulation. I preferred my mother’s version of God as a friend who lived around the corner. When I recited the traditional prayer “Now I lay me down to sleep, I pray the Lord my soul to keep. If I should die before I wake, I pray the Lord my soul to take,” my mother stopped me. She didn’t want me to be on my knees contemplating my possible death. “God is your friend, Celena,” she said. “When you pray, you’re having a conversation with God. Prayer is like making a phone call.” She created a small book of green construction paper with the pages hole-punched and tied together with yarn. Glued to them were photographs of me engaged in various activities: smelling a flower, petting a llama at the zoo, laughing hysterically. Under each, she wrote a brief caption: “God loves flowers.” “God loves animals.” “God has a sense of humor.” My mother’s motto: “If you want to know God, get to know yourself.” My father inhabited the world of relatives; he held the status of a scarcely seen favorite uncle. When he visited, his personality seemed almost too big for our little studio apartment. He laughed loud and talked loud, his cologne and aftershave clotting the air around him, tickling my nasal passages. On his knee my father would place me for a pretend horse ride, or up into the air he’d throw me, making wide eyes at me as I came crashing back into his arms. Most of our visits took place in his apartment, neatly furnished with white brocade sofas and matching throw pillows carefully arranged. Plastic runners protected stretches of frequently vacuumed carpet. He didn’t understand my mother’s way of keeping house: clothes strewn about, dishes piled in the sink, books stacked on the toilet seat lid; nor could he understand the fact that my mother never really had a plan. We drifted, my mother and I.

  • From Synanon Kid: Book One: A Memoir of Growing Up in the Synanon Cult

    “He didn’t mean it.” She slipped into the room, closing the door with a quiet click and sat next to me. “Do you want some gum?” She dug into her jeans pocket for a pack of Juicy Fruit and pulled a slim silver stick from the cheerful yellow jacket, ripping it in half and handed me my portion. I took it wordlessly, unwrapped it and popped the powdery pale bit of treat into my mouth. “It’s okay,” she said a little louder. “Just wait here like he said. We’re going to leave soon.” Satisfied that I was placated, she smiled, putting a finger to her lips, and she left as quietly as she came in. Between apartments we sometimes stayed with my grandmother Gladys, crowding onto her sofa bed. I would not come to recognize my grandmother’s fun side, her love of jazz and preference for Miles Davis over Bing Crosby during the Christmas holidays, until I was much older. She took a girlish pleasure in dancing, putting on family skits and, believing her feet to be her best feature, decorating her toes with rings. As a small child, I knew her only as dour Gladys, with her tight headscarves, drab clothes and large purses that hung flat and old-ladyish from her shoulder. I spent long days in her apartment, an interior of beige blandness. The plastic artificial flowers placed on the coffee table and end table to brighten the place had only added to the feeling of lifelessness. I recall sitting for hours with a small bag of candy to keep me quiet while she rocked away the hours in her rocking chair, frowning to herself. My grandmother hated cooking, so we ate most of our meals at Thrifty’s Drug Store. Catching sight of my mother wearing blue jeans could set my grandmother off on a tirade accompanied by tears. “Where did I go wrong?” she wailed. “God have mercy! You’re a good Catholic girl, Theresa; that’s how I raised you. You got to stick with your own kind—Creole people.” My mother would roll her eyes and I’d laugh. Her distress was so overstated that it held a comical quality. “The devil has the chile, Theresa. She’s an imp,” my grandmother yelled when I giggled over her ravings. “She’s a child, Mama,” my mother said. I’d dance around my grandmother, making faces, teasing her, hoping she’d lose her temper, while my mother lounged on the sofa. “You see?” my grandmother said. “You see what she’s doing? You better teach that little imp a lesson: slap her behind.” When she made a grab for me, I darted away, too quickly for her to catch. She’d stumble forward, clutching nothing but air, then give up and break into melodramatic sobs. Her despair fascinated me. Normal, everyday things like my braided kinky hair, fitted at the ends with colorful plastic barrettes, made her nervous.

  • From Synanon Kid: Book One: A Memoir of Growing Up in the Synanon Cult

    Although I felt safer when he was around, his fearsome tough look scared me into keeping my distance. Eleven months younger than my father, Uncle Joe looked eleven years older. My father maintained a trim figure, wore fashionable clothing and spoke in an elegant low timbre, rejecting the drawl of urban black speech in which consonants disappeared at the ends of words as though the speaker couldn’t be bothered to pronounce all the letters. He mimicked the suave mannerisms and tone of his favorite Hollywood actors, Cary Grant and Rock Hudson. Uncle Joe wore white tank tops, the fabric streaked with grease and straining across his hard, round belly. Tufts of hair shot out from the sides of his scalp, though the top of his head was smooth and shiny. At the end of a long day of work, he’d collapse into an easy chair and guzzle a few beers while having a smoke. Over the course of two years, my mother gradually receded in my mind to a ghostly shred of another time. She was no longer important in my day-to-day life. Then a phone call came in the middle of a winter afternoon. “Your mother,” Aunt Terry said, handing me the receiver. I reached for the phone, curious “Hello?” I said. “Hello, Celena? It’s me. Your mother.” The voice sounded unfamiliar, a stranger’s voice. “How are you?” she asked. “Fine.” “It’s my birthday. I’m thirty years old today. What do you think of that?” What did I think? Time had run away from us, but I was too young to process its passage. I had no words for the gay, bright woman on the other end of the line, her face blurry in my mind. Through the screen door I saw the neighborhood children riding their bikes. “I don’t know,” I said. I hung up without saying goodbye. I hadn’t stopped loving my mother. I just didn’t see how she fit into my life. She had become an abstraction, the woman who went to “that place,” the secret place adults spoke of in hushed voices, shooing me away so I wouldn’t overhear something I shouldn’t. After a time, my father became suspicious about Aunt Terry. Maybe a neighbor dropped a hint. Perhaps his own intuition caused him to wonder. “Tell me the truth,” he said one afternoon, squatting before me so we were eye to eye. “Is your Aunt Terry treating you right?” I stared at his earnest, handsome face. “Sweetie, don’t pick at your skin like that.” He pulled my hand away from my arm. I’d taken up the habit of digging my nails into my skin and peeling it off a little at a time. My aunt stood behind my father. Fear crackled in her gaze, her lips tucked in tightly. Anxiety hung like a cloak around Terry whenever my father came around. It showed in her nervous smile and the steady stream of cigarettes like miniature lifelines assuaging her shipwrecked psyche.

  • From A Greek-English Lexicon (Liddell-Scott) (1957)

    κἄμοῦμαι, καμεῖ Soph. Tr. 1215; καμεῖται 1]. 2. 389, Aesch.; Ep. inf. πέεσθαι Ap. Rh. 3. 580:—aor. ἔκᾶμον, inf. καμεῖν, Ep. subj. redupl. κεκάμω, κεκάμῃσι, κεκάμωσι 1]. 1. 168., 7. 5., 17. 658 (where Aristarch. read κε κάμω, etc.) :—pf. κέκμηκα, Il. 6. 262, Att.; plapf. ἐκεκμήκεσαν Thuc. 3. 98; Ep. part. κεκμηώς, κεκμηῶτι, κεκμηῶτα, 1]. 23. 232., 6. 261, Od. To. 31; κεκμηότας 1]. 11. 802; κεκμηῶτας in Thuc. 3. 59 is prob. an error for κεκμηκότας :—Med., aor. ἐκάμόμην, Ep. καμ-. Od. 9. 130, Il. 18. 341. I. trans. to work, of smith’s work, μίτρη, τὴν χαλκῆες κάμον ἄνδρες wrought it, Il. 4.187, 216; ἐπεὶ πάνθ᾽ ὅπλα κάμε when he had wrought them all, 18.614; σκῆπτρον .., τὸ μὲν Ἥφαι- στος κάμε τεύχων 2. TOT, cf. 8. 105; also, x. νῆας Od. 9. 126; πέπλον Il. 5. 338, cf. Od. 15. 105; immoy 11. 523; λέχος 23. 180. 2. in aor. med., to win by toil, τὰς (sc. γυναῖκας) αὐτοὶ καμόμεσθα Bindi τε δουρί τε μακρῷ Il. 18. 341. 3. in same tense, to work or till by labour, οἵ κέ σφιν καὶ νῆσον .. ἐκάμοντο Od. 9. 130; ipoy.., ὅ ῥ᾽ ἐκά- povro Ap. Rh. 2. 718, cf. Philet. 7. That this was the orig. sense is confirmed by the mod. Gr. phrase, μὲ κάμῃς τό do not so, Curt. Gr. Et. p. 102. II. intr. to work, labour, ὑπέρ τινος Thuc. 2. 41:— then, from the effect of continued work, to be weary, ἀνδρὶ δὲ κεκμ- ηῶτι μένος μέγα vivas ἀέξει 1]. 6. 261, cf. 11. 802; μάλα πολλὰ x. 8.22; τινι for one, Od. 14. 65-; with an acc. of the part in which weariness is felt, οὐδέ τι γυΐα .. κάμνει nor is he weary in limb, Il. 19. 170, etc.; περὶ δ᾽ ἔγχεϊ χεῖρα καμεῖται 1]. 2. 389; 6 δ᾽ ἀρίστερον ὦμον ἔκαμνεν 16. τοῦ :—also very often c. part., κάμνει πολεμίζων, ἐλαύνων, ἐρεθίζων, δακρυχέουσα, θέουσα, is weary of fighting, rowing, etc., Il. 1. 168., 7. 5.» 17. 658, etc.; οὐ μέν θην κάμετον .. ὀλλῦσαι Τρῶας 8. 448; ἔκαμον δέ μοι ὄσσε πάντη παπταίνοντι Od. 12. 232; but ina diff. sense, οὐκ ἔκαμον τανύων I found no trouble in stringing the bow, i.e. did it without trouble, 21. 426, cf. Il. 8. 448:—in Att. often with a negat., οὔτοι καμοῦμαι .. λέγουσα I shall never be tired of saying, Aesch, Eum. 881; μὴ κάμῃς λέγων Eur. 1. A. 11433; οὐκ ἂν κάμοιμι τὰς κακὰς κτεί- νων Id. Or. 1590; οὔποτ᾽ ἂν κάμοιμ᾽ ὀρχουμένη Ar. Lys. 541, cf. Plat. Gorg. 740 C, Legg. 921 E, etc.:—c. dat., κ. δαπάναις to grow tired in spending, spare expense, Pind, P. 1. 175. 2. to give over fighting with another, to be worsted, Ib. 1. 151, 156; τὸ κάμνον στρατοῦ the part that was hard-pressed, Eur. Supp. 709. 3. to be sick or ill, suffer under illness, ot κάμνοντες (pres. part.) the sick, Hdt. 1. 197, cf. Soph. Ph. 282, Ar. Nub. 708, Andoc. 9. 20, Plat., etc.; καμοῦσα ἀπέθανε having fallen sick, Andoc. 16. 3, cf. Dem. 307. 29: C. acc. cogn., Kap- νειν νόσον Eur. Heracl. ggo, Plat. Rep. 408 E; κ. τὴν ποδάγραν Arist. H. A. 8. 24, 1; but also, κ. τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς Hdt. 2.111; κ. τὰ σώματα to be ill or distempered in body, Plat. Gorg. 478 A:—also c. dat. modi, κ΄. πάθᾳ Pind. P. 8.68; νοσήματι Arist. H. A. 8. 21, 1;-and used like a Pass., κ. ὑπὸ νόσου Hdn. 3. 14, 43 ἀπὸ τοῦ τραύματος Luc. Tox. 60. 4. generally, to suffer, be distressed or afflicted, στρατοῦ κα- μόντος Aesch. Ag. 670; τῷ πεποιημένῳ κ. μεγάλως Hdt. 1. 118, cf. Aesch, Ag. 482, Eur. Med. 1138, H. F. 293; οὐ καμεῖ τοὐμὸν μέρος will not have to complain .. , Soph. Tr.1215:—also, «. ἔν τινι Eur. Hec. 306, I. A. 966; so, of a ship, νεὼς Kapovons ποντίῳ πρὸς κύματι Aesch. Theb. 210:—c, acc. cogn., οὐκ ἴσον καμὼν ἐμοὶ λύπης not having borne an equal share of grief, Soph. El. 532; καμάτους x. ἤδη. 3. 6. 5. of καμόντες (aor. part.) those who have done their work, Lat. defuncti, i.e. the dead, 1]. 3. 278; βροτῶν εἴδωλα καμόντων Od. 11. 476; εἴδωλα Kap. 24.14, Il. 23.72, cf. Aesch. Supp. 231, etc.; so, in Att., κεκμηκότες Soph. Fr. 268, Eur. Supp. 756; in Prose, of «exp. Thuc. 3. 59, Plat. Legg. 718 A, 927 B, Arist. Eth. N. 1. 11, 6 :—but in Eur. Tro. 96 κεκμη- κότες are the spirits of the dead, Lat. dii manes.—The pf. is always intr.

  • From A Greek-English Lexicon (Liddell-Scott) (1957)

    καἄκονύμφιον ἔργον. the work of an evil bride, Nonn. D. 3. 308. κἄκόνυμφος, ov, i/l-married, κακονυμφοτάτα ὄνασις most unprofitable wedlock, Eur. Hipp. 758. ΤΙ. as Subst. an ill or unhappy bride- groom, Id. Med. 206, 990; v. κακός fin. κἄκόνωτοξ, ov, with foul back, of fish, Antiph. Koup. 2. 7. κἄκοξενία, ἡ, inhospitality, Charond. ap. Stcb. 289. 40, Plut. Cat. Mi. 12. κἄκόξενος, Ion. —Eetvos, ov, unfortunate in guests, in irreg. Ep. Comp., οὔτις σεῖο κακοξεινώτερος ἄλλος Od. 20. 370. II. unfriendly to strangers, inhospitable, Eur. Alc. 558 (v.1. for ἐχθρόξ--), Anth. P. 7. 699, Lyc. 1286. κἄκοξύνετος, ov, wise for evil, ov ἀξυνετωτέρου, κακοξυνετωτέρου δέ not less wise, but more wise for evil, Thuc. 6. 76. κἄκοοινία, 7, bad quality of wine, opp. to εὐοινία, Geop. 5. 4: 3. κἄκοπάθεια, ἡ, 1/1 plight, distress, misery, Hipp. Vet. Med. 11 (in pl.), Antipho 122. 19., 131. 31, Isocr. 127 C; in pl., ταῖς mapa τὴν ἀξίαν νῦν κακοπαθείαις your present unmerited sufferings, Thuc. 7. 77. κἄκοπἄθέω, to suffer ill, to be in ill plight, be in distress, Thuc. 1. 78, Xen. Mem. 2. 1, 17, Andoc. 23. 5, Lys. 105. 35, Dem. 276.13; τινι by or from a thing, τοῦ χωρίου τῇ ἀπορίᾳ Thuc. 4. 29; ὑπό τινος Id. 2. 41: also of sickness, Hipp. Vet. Med. 16; κ. σώματι to suffer in body, Antipho 129. 31., 131. 29, Isocr. 24 A. κἄκοπᾶθής, ἔς, (πάθος) suffering ill, in ill plight, Philo Mechan. 56. Adv. -θῶς, miserably, Arist. Pol. 2. 9, 4. κἄκοπαθητικός, 7, dv, miserable, Arist. Eth. E. 2. 3, 8. κἄκόπᾶἄθος, ov, -- κακοπαθής, Bios Dion. H. 8. 83. toilsome, μεταλλεῖαι Posidon. ap. Ath. 233 E. κἄκοπαρθενεύτως, to explain ἀπαρθένευτα, Schol. Eur. Phoen. 1740. KakotrapQevos, 7, unlucky maiden, Schol. Eur. Hec. 612: v. κακός fin. II. ὁ, ἡ, unbecoming a maid, Anth. P. 7. 468. κἄκόπατριξ, 50s, 6, 7, having a mean father, low-born, opp. to εὔπα- τρις, Theogn. 193; of Pittacus, Alcae. 5. κἄκοπερίπᾶτοϑξ, ov, walking ill, of horses, Hippiatr. p. 262. κἄκοπετήσ, ές, (πέτομαι) flying badly, Arist. H. A. 9. 15, 3. κἄκόπηρος, ov, with a bad knapsack or scrip, E. M. 670. 57. k&Komivys, és, exceeding filthy, loathsome, κακοπινέστατόν τ᾽ ἄλημα \¢ Soph, Aj. 381; οὐ μόνον τοῖς ἤθεσιν ἀλλὰ καὶ ἕξει Ath. 565 E. 2. laborious, ) , κακοπιστία — κακοσυνθεσία. κἀκοπιστία, ἡ, faithlessness, Jo. Chrys.: κακόπιστοξς, ov, Marc. Erem. p. 42. κἄκοπλαστία, ἡ, bad invention, Phot. Bibl. go. 37 :---κἄκόπλαστος, ov, ill-conceived, Hermog. in Walz Rhett. 3.7. Adv. - τως, Tzetz. κἄκοπλοέω, to sail badly, Strabo 691 :---κακόπλοια, ἡ. the hardship of the voyage, C. I. 2693. 3:---κἄκόπλοος, ov, contr. —mAous, our, ill for sailing, θάλασσα Schol. Philostr. 478 Boiss. κἄκόπνευστος, ov, to explain δυσαής, Schol. Od. 13. 99. κἄκόπνοος, ov, Att. --πνους, ουν, (πνοή) breathing ill, Poll. 1. 197.

  • From A Greek-English Lexicon (Liddell-Scott) (1957)

    Oiré-Atvos, 6, a song on the death of Linos, Paus. 9. 29, 3; v. Aivos 11. otros, 6, fate, doom, always ina bad sense, κακὸς οἶτος Il. 8. 34, Od. 1. 350, al.; κακὸν οἶτον ἀπόλλυσθαι to die a sad death, Il. 3. 417; and without an Adj., ἀλκυόνος πολυπενθέος οἶτον ἔχουσα 9. 563 (559); καλὰ τὸν οἶτον ἀπότμου παιδὸς ἔνισπες 24. 388; κατὰ κόσμον ᾿Αχαιῶν οἶτον ἀείδεις Od. 8. 489; Δαναοῦ ἤδ᾽ Ἰλίου οἶτον ἀκούων Ib. 578.—- Old Ep. word, used by Soph. Ant. 858, El. 167, Eur. I. T. rogt (in lyric passages), C.I. 4708. (Prob. from εἶμι ibo, v. sub εἶμι.) Οἰτόσυρος, 6, Scythian name of Apollo, acc. to Hdt. 4. 59. oidel or oil, τό, an Egypt. measure, = 4 χοίνικες, Hesych. ;—in LXxX it expresses the Hebr. ephak; v. Sturz D. Maced. 92 sq.: also ὑφεί. οἴφω, a Lacon. word, =dxevw, ineo, τὰν Χελιδονίδα Plut. Pyrrh, 28 :— in Ath. 568 E, οἰφεῖς or οἰφᾷς, as if from οἰφέω, --ἀω, cf. Paroemiogr. pp. 125, 165.—Hence οἰφόλης, fem. οἰφόλις, lewd, Hesych., Eust. 1597. 29; like ὀπυιόλης from émviw (to which it is akin), and by compos. φιλοίφης and φίλοιφος, μιξοιφία. Οἰχᾶλία, Ion. - (η, 77, name of several old Greek cities, one in Thessaly, Il. 2. 730; another in Euboea, Soph. Fr. 354, cf. 74, Strab. 438 :— Οἰχαλιεύς, éws, Ep. ἢος, 6, an Oechalian, 1]. 2. 596, 730; also Oixa- λιώτης, Steph. B.:—Ep. Adv. -ίηθεν, from Oechalia, 2. 596. οἰχέομαι, -- οἴχομαι, q. Vv. οἰχητέον, verb. Adj. of οἴχομαι, one must go, Alciphro 3. 42. oixvéw, Zo go, come, 1]. 5. 790., 15. 640 (in Ion. impf. οἴχνεσκε. —cKov); of birds, Od. 3. 332: to walk, i.e. to live, ἀνύμφευτος αἰὲν οἰχνῶ Soph. El. 165. II. like οἴχομαι, to be gone, τηλωπὸς oixvel Id. Aj. 564; θυραῖος ot. Id. El. 313. III. c. acc. pers., like προσέρχομαι, to approach, Pind. P. 5.115, cf. Fr. 45.5; and so Herm. (for ἰχνεύων) in P. 8. 49.—The form oixvetw, Id. Fr. 222. (oixvéw is to οἴχομαι, as ixvéopar to ἵκω.) οἴχομαι, impf. ὠχύμην (in Hdt. otxdunv), the only tenses used by Hom.; fut. οἰχήσομαι Ar. Vesp. 51, Fr. 198. 13, Plat., etc.:—pf. οἴχωκα Hadt., etc., (in Trag. the MSS. vary between οἴχωκα and ὥχωκα, Aesch. Pers. 13, Soph. Aj. 896, Fr. 227); also ὥχηκα (map-) Il. 10. 252. Polyb. 8. 29,9, Dion. H.,etc.: plapf. οἰχώκεε Hat. τ. 189, etc. :—also pf. pass. tL 2. ἐν τοῖς οἰσύοις 1057

  • From Synanon Kid: Book One: A Memoir of Growing Up in the Synanon Cult

    so talking and drinking coffee while I’d played with my cousins. Before my father left, he hugged and kissed me and shook my uncle’s hand, thanking him and my aunt for their hospitality. Later that night my mom and Mary Ann had stopped by and taken me with them when they left. I’d thought she had told me we were to visit Synanon. Had she said we would live here? After the party celebrating my Synanon birthday, my mother had vanished. I couldn’t remember her saying goodbye or telling me when she might come back. I went over the events again and again like a connect-the-dots picture, searching for something I’d missed. How long would I be in Synanon and why hadn’t my father called to see how I was? The second night I inevitably began to cry as the enormity of the situation weighed on me, and try as I might to contain my sobs in my pillow, Sophie eventually woke up and tiptoed across the floor. Her weight sank into the mattress as she sat down and leaned over to stroke my brow. “What’s wrong?” she asked. “I want to see my mom.” “Don’t worry. Theresa will come back.” Sophie’s words did not console me. My limited possessions that I’d brought to Synanon, not only my clothes, but also my most treasured baby doll, had been confiscated. In place of my own things, I’d received a stack of clothing that matched that of the other children. Linda pulled out one of the drawers in Sophie’s dresser. All of her white t-shirts were rolled tightly into tubular forms and stacked neatly end-to-end. “This is how we keep our clothes,” Linda said. “Sophie will show you how to roll them.” Linda pulled out another drawer, which held all of Sophie’s pants, rolled the same way. Before she closed the drawers, Linda glanced at me.

  • From A Greek-English Lexicon (Liddell-Scott) (1957)

    νεφέλη, ἡ, (νέφος) a cloud, mass of clouds (distinguished from ὀμίχλη, a mist or fog, Arist. Meteor. 1. 9, 4), Hom., Hes., etc. ;—the Homeric epithets being κυανέη, μέλαινα, πορφυρέη ; ἐπιβρόμου νεφέλας στρατός Pind. Ρ. 6. 11 ; see the description in Ar. Nub. 323 sq.—The more com- mon form is végos, esp. in Prose, though Xen. has νεφέλη, An. 1.8, 8; and Theophr. uses νεφέλαι in the special sense of fleecy clouds, Lat. vellera, Sign. Pluv. 1.13; cf. vepéduov. 2. metaph., νεφέλη δέ μιν ἀμφεκάλυψεν κυανέη, of death, Il. 20. 417; τὸν δ᾽ ἄχεος νεφέλη ἐκάλυψε a cloud of sorrow, 17. 591, Od. 24. 315, cf. Soph. Ant. 528; so, πολέμου ν. Simon. 92; φόνου ν. Pind. N. 9.90; Κενταύρου φονίᾳ νεφέλᾳ, i.e, with his blood, Soph. Tr. 831; so, vepéAa alone, Pind. I. 7 (6). 395 κελαινῶπις v., of sleep, Id. P. 1. 12. IL. of clouds in urine, Hipp. 40. 41 sq. 2. -ενεφέλιον 11. 2, Id. 102 G. 8.α cloud on ἃ mirror, Arist. Insomn. 2, 8. III. a fine bird-net, in pl., Ar. Av. 193, 528, Ath. 25; in sing., Anth. P. 6.11, 109, 185; cf. πτηνολέτις. 1001 νεφεληγερέτα, Ep. for - τής, 6, (ἀγείρω) used by Hom. only in nom. and in gen. νεφεληγερέταο, cloud-gatherer, of Zeus; acc., ἀέρα vepedn- γερέτην Emped. ap. Plut. 2. 683 E. [ἅ, as in εὐρύοπᾶ, ἱππότᾶ, etc., except by position, as νεφεληγερέτα Zevs. | veheAnyepys, os, 6, =vepednyepéra, Q. Sm. 4. 80. νεφεληδόν, Adv. in the manner of clouds, Nonn. D. 15. 1. νεφελίζω, to wrap in clouds, Schol. Il. 14. 153. νεφέλιον, τό, Dim. of νεφέλη, Lat. nubecula, Arist. Meteor. 2. 8, 24, Theophr. Sign. Pluv. 1. 11., 3. 6. II. also like Lat. nubecula, of clouds in urine, Hipp. 213 G, etc. 2. a cloud-like spot on the eye, Paul. Aeg. 3. 22 (p. 25). 3. a white speck on the nails, Poll, 2. 146. νεφελο-ειδής, és, cloud-like, Plut. 2. 892 E. Νεφελο-κένταυρος, 6, a cloud-centaur, Lat. nubigena, Luc. V. H. 1. 16: —partly as sprung from Ixion and the cloud, partly as a fantastic shape such as the clouds assume, v. Ar. Nub. 346. Νεφελο-κοκκῦγία, ἡ, (κόκκυξ) Cloud-cuckoo-town, built by the birds in Ar. Av. 819, al.—a satire on Athens :---Νεφελοκοκκῦγιεύς, 6, a Cloud- cuckoo-man, Ib. 878, 1035. νεφελοστάσια, τά, (νεφέλη II, ἵστημι) a place where nets are set to catch birds, Eust. 1928. 27. νεφελοφόρος, ov, bringing clouds, Jo. Lyd. de Magistr. 3. 32. νεφελόομαι, Pass. to be clouded over, Eust. 127. 21. νεφελώδηξ, ες, cloudy, bringing clouds, ὃ νότος Arist. Probl. 26. 20. νεφελωτός, 7, dv, clouded: made of clouds, Luc. V. H. 1. 19. *vedéw, to be clouded, only found in compd. συννέφεω. νεφίον, τό, Dim. of νέφος, a small cloud, Gloss. νεφο-ειδής, és, --νεφελοειδής, Anth. P. 9. 396. νεφόθεν, Adv. out of the cloud, Manass. Chron. 5436. νεφόομαι, Pass. to be clouded over, Clem. Al. 753, etc.; νενεφωμένα βουλεύοντες Manetho 4. 518. νεφο-ποίητος, ov, made of clouds, Phot.

  • From A Greek-English Lexicon (Liddell-Scott) (1957)

    ὀϊζύς, Att. oifts, as dissyll., vos, ἡ, (ot) :—woe, misery, distress, hard- ship, suffering, freq. in Hom., who joins it with other words, πόνος καὶ ὀϊζύς 1]. 13. 2; κάματος καὶ ὀϊζύς 15. 365, cf. Hes. Op. 175: contr. dat. ὀϊζυϊ for ὀϊζύϊ, Od. 7. 270: acc. ὀϊζύα for ὀϊζύν first in Q. Sm. 2. 88 :— on the Att. form οἰζύς in Aesch. Ag. 756, Eum, 893, etc., v. Pors. Hec. 936 (949), praef. p. ix, Piers. Moer. p. 276. II. as pr. n., a mythic being, the daughter of Night, Hes. Th. 214. [Ὁ in nom. and acc., v. Hes. l.c.; & in trisyll. cases.] ὀϊζύω, aor. ὀΐζῦσα :—to wail, mourn, lament, GAN ἀεὶ περὶ κεῖνον ὀΐζυε (imperat.) Il. 3. 408. 11. c. ace. rei, to suffer, ἧς εἵνεκ᾽ ὀϊζύομεν κακὰ πολλά 14. 80: absol. to be miserable or to suffer, ὀϊζύσας ἐμόγησεν Od. 4. 152., 23.307. [ὃ of pres. short in Hom., long in Ap. Rh. 4. 1324, 1374; in aor. always long.] Ἐὀΐζω, Att. οἴζω, cf. δυσοίζω. οἴη, ἡ, -- κώμη, Ap. Rh. 2. 139, Hesych.; cf. οἰήτης. with Lacon. wBa, Miill. Dor. 3. 5. § 3.) οἴη, ἡ, the service-tree, v. sub Ga. oiniov, τό, Ep. for οἴηξ, οἴαξ, a rudder, helm, Od. 9. 483; in pl., 12. 218, Il. 19. 43. οἰηκίζω, Ion. for οἰακίζω. oinpa, τό, opinion: esp. self-opinion, ot. καὶ τῦφος Plut. 2. 39 Ὁ, ubi v. Wyttenb. ; οἵ, καὶ ἀλαζονεία Ib. 43 B. οἰημᾶτίας, ov, 6, a self-conceited person, Hesych. οἴηξ, nxos, 6, Ion. for οἴαξ. οἴησις, ews, 7, (οἴομαι) = δόξα, opinion, an opinion, Plat. Phaedo g2 A, Phaedr. 244 C; esp. a false impression, prob. 1. Hyperid. Lyc. 8: opp. to σαφῶς εἰδέναι, Arist. Rhet. Al. 15, 4. 11. =otnpa, self-conceit, Eur. Fr. 644, Heraclit. ap. Diog. L. 9. 7, Bion ib. 4. 50; v. Wytt. Plut. 23 ORD: ἐδ ολοι, ov, wise in his own conceit, Clem. Al. 454, 456: οἴησι- σοφία, ἡ, self-conceit, Chrys. οἰησί-φρων, ovos, 6, 7,=foreg., Philo 1.125, Cyrill. οἰητέον, verb. Adj. one must suppose, Arist. Phys. 3. 6, 12, Eth. N. Io. 3, 8., 10110; 4; al: οἰήτης, ov, ὅ, -- κωμήτης, Soph. Fr. 138; οἰάτης Hesych.: cf. οἴη. (Perh, connected Oo τὸ st τὶ -- () , Oy OlnTOS — OLKEW. οἰητός, ή, ov, existing only in thought, possible, opp. to actual, Gloss. otis, ἡ, poet. for dis, a sheep, Theocr. 1.9; cf. ὁμοίιος for ὅμοιος. οἶκα, as, ε, Ion. for ἔοικα. οἴκἄδε, Αἀν. -- οἴκόνδε, to one’s house, home or country, home, home- wards, often in Hom., οἴκαδ᾽ ἱκέσθαι, οἴκαδε νεῖσθαι, νοστεῖν, ἀπο- στείχειν ;—then freq. in Pind., and in Att. Verse and Prose. ἘΠ Ξε οἴκοι, at home, Xen. Cyr. 1. 3, 4, An. 7. 7, 57, and in late writers, Lob. Phryn. 44. οἴκαδις, Doric for οἴκαδε (cf. χαμάδις, χαμᾶζε), Ar. Ach. 742, 779, cf. Epich. 19 Ahr. The form oikaSes, noticed by Greg. C. 231, is prob. an error, Ahrens D. Dor. 373.

  • From Synanon Kid: Book One: A Memoir of Growing Up in the Synanon Cult

    I may have yelled for Brett not to cross; or maybe I didn’t. I do not remember. A car shot out from around the curve of the highway. A giant wave of metal swept Brett off his feet. His body flipped onto the hood, bounced high into the air, then fell to the pavement. A tennis shoe landed at my feet. The car kept moving. Inside it, black-haired children with large, dark, round eyes screamed against the unfolding nightmare. As if the driver were on a mission to kill my friend, the car slowed, pushing Brett’s body down the highway. In the passenger seat, a woman clutched at the driver’s arm while he remained bent over the steering wheel. One moment I was at the side of the road; the next I was up the driveway by the building, but behind a chain-linked fence. The car pulled over and children poured out. The woman clutched a red-faced baby, all mouth, its cries shrill and loud. She and the man talked over each other in Spanish. Brett lay abandoned, curled up on the road, slowly, noiselessly opening his mouth like a fish on dry land. His body convulsed with one big shudder, then he was still. It seemed the occupants of the car were on the run. From what I didn’t know. Later I discovered that the driver had stolen the car. He had five children of his own, but if not for his wife, he wouldn’t have pulled over. Brett was not killed. He remained alive, but in a comatose state for quite a while. After he was released from the hospital, he returned to the Synanon school, where he became the business of the demonstrators. We were told that we could look at Brett, but we needed to keep quiet in his room. One by one, we stepped up to the large crib where he slept like a giant toddler and peered at his still form. He slept for days. Once in a while he opened his vacant brown eyes and looked around. Everything he’d learned throughout the eight years of his life, his personal experiences, which made him uniquely Brett had all been wiped from his mind. He did not even know his name. Gradually he stayed awake for longer periods, but didn’t talk. He’d become an infant again. He didn’t understand anything. We talked to him like he was a newborn. Sometimes he would smile. After some weeks he began to speak, but only one word at a time. Most communication consisted of reminding him of the word or name for each and every thing. He would point at objects, and we would tell him, “That’s a sock.” “That’s paper.” “Those are flowers.” “Yes, that’s your nose.” Within a month, he recovered a slow, stuttering form of speech accompanied by rapid blinking. Later he became strong enough to use a wheelchair.

  • From Synanon Kid: Book One: A Memoir of Growing Up in the Synanon Cult

    and ripe for exploration. Possibly she sought to reclaim a childhood she had not lived properly herself. At fourteen years old, my mother was forced into the maternal role of caring for her brothers after my grandmother Gladys was struck down in her prime by debilitating depression, taking to her bed for years. The smothering sadness returned to stalk Theresa during her own experience of motherhood. I have vague recollections of the various men in whose homes we stayed. A house on stilts, the door in the kitchen opening to a spindly forest of trees, with no balcony to block a bone-breaking fall. A bowl of sprouts left on the table for me to eat, my mother and her friend behind his closed bedroom door. Alone in the hum of silence, I watched faint dust funnels swirl in the fading light. When the door opened and her friend emerged, his long, dusky brown hair spilling over pale naked shoulders, I ran to the futon bed where my mother lay curled under blankets. She lifted them for me and I wiggled myself into the curve of her body. Later we sat cross- legged on the bed, accepting her friend’s offerings of little white boxes, neat and compact like birthday presents, with the flaps open, long thin sticks thrusting out of them. Inside one of the boxes was something slick and gelatinous. The other held rice mixed with bits of carrots and pink, crescent-shaped things. I poked my finger into the slimy stuff. “Chinese food,” he said, also sitting cross-legged, his penis, shrunken and limp, tucked away under a thick cloud of pubic hair. At the house of a different friend, my mother washed dishes, completely at home in his kitchen. I wandered into the yard: a jumble of unattended shrubbery, dead grass and dirt patches. On the inside crease of my left arm is a pale little wrinkle, a scar where his dog bit me. I remember nothing of the attack, only the man shaking me so hard afterward that I was too shocked to cry. “What did I tell you, huh? Huh?” he demanded. “You were teasing him. That’s why he bit you. I told you not to tease my dog.”

  • From A Greek-English Lexicon (Liddell-Scott) (1957)

    learning, Eur. Hec. 815; μ. ἅπαντ᾽ ἐν οἰκίᾳ Pherecr. “Ayp. I. 2. c. ace. objecti, τέκνα .. ἁμόχθησα the children J toiled for, Eur. H. F. 281; p. Twa θεραπεύμασιν --θεραπεύειν, Id. Phoen. 1549.—On its difference from πονέω, v. sub μόχθος. 981 pox nets, ἐσσα, ev, -- μοχθηρός, Schol, Nic. Al. 616. μόχθημα, τό, always in pl. foils, hardships, Aesch. Pr. 464, Soph. O. Ὁ. 1616, Eur. Ion 1129. μοχθηρία, ἡ, bad condition, badness, σώματος Plat. Rep. 609 E. 2. of a person, badness, want of skill, τοῦ ἰατροῦ Antipho 126.17; τῶν κυβερνητῶν Plat. Polit. 302 A. II. mostly in moral sense, bad- ness, wickedness, depravity, rascality, Lat. pravitas, Ar. Pl. 109, 159, Plat. Legg. 734 C, etc.; τὰς μ. τῆς ἠλιθιότητος τῆς ἐμῆς Cratin. Πυτ. 9; ἀρεταὶ καὶ μοχθηρίαι Arist. Eth. N. 5.1, 14:—in a half-concrete sense, Ta πρῶτα THs ἐκεῖ μ. chief of the rascaldom down there (in Hades), Ar, Ran. 421. μοχθηρόομαι, Pass. to be troublesome, Aquila V. T. pox Onpds, 4, dy (μοχθέωλ) suffering hardship, in sore distress, miserable, wretched, of persons, Aesch. Theb. 257; ὦ μόχθηρε σύ! Ar. Ach. 165, Ran. 1175; ὦ μόχθηρε Plat. Phaedr. 268 E :—so, of conditions, μοχθη- pis ἐούσης τῆς ζόης Hdt. 7. 46; ζῆν βίον μ. Soph. Ph. 254; μοχθηρὰ τλῆναι to suffer hardships, Aesch. Cho. 752. 2. in a bad stale, sorry, worthless, βοῦς Ar. Eq. 316; ἱμάτιον Cratin. Σερίφ. 1; μοχθηρό- Tepa ἀποδιδόναι τὰ [ἱμάτια] ἢ παρέλαβον Plat. Meno g1 E; μοχθηρὰ τὰ πράγματα καταλαμβάνειν to find trade in a bad state, Dem. 909. 21; μ. ἐλπίδας ἔχειν Dinarch. 103. fin.; μ. τραγῳδία Arist. Metaph. 13. 3, 8; ὕδατα Id. Probl. 3. 8; χρόα Id. H. A. 9. 15, 3 :—of appearance, μοχθηρὸς τὴν ἰδέαν ugly, Andoc. 13. 20:—Adv., σώματι μοχθηρῶς διακεῖσθαι to be in a sorry plight, Plat. Gorg. 504 E; ζῆν μι Ib. 505 A: —Comp., μοχθηροτέρως ἔχειν Id. Rep. 343 E; -drepov, Xen. Hell. 1. 4, 13:—Sup., -drara, Plat. Eryx. fin. II. most common of persons, in moral sense, much like πονηρός, bad, knavish, rascally, Lat. pravus, Thuc. 8. 73, often in Ar., Plat., etc.; ἐκ χρηστῶν καὶ γενναίων μοχθηροτάτους ἀπέδειξας Ar. Ran. tort, cf. Plat. Meno οἱ E; p. τοὺς τρόπους Ar. Pl. 1003; of acts, μ. τι πράσσειν Eur. Fr. 509, etc.—Many Gramm.. write μόχθηρος, πόνηρος in signf. 1, μοχθηρός, πονηρός in signf. 11, Ammon. 5. ν., Arcad. 71; but Hdn. ap. Eust. 341. 14 argues that like other Adjs. in —pos, as καματηρός, κρατερός, etc., these words ought to be oxyt. in both senses. In the vocat., however, the best Mss. always give μόχθηρε, Ar. Ach. 165, Ran. 1175, Pl. 391; and so, πόνηρε Nub. 687, Pl. 127, 442, etc.; so in fem., ὦ πονήρα Eupol. Incert. 26; cf. ἀδελφός, and v. M. Miiller Chips, 4. p. 230. μοχθηρο-τροπία, ἡ, depravity, Byz. μοχθητέον, verb. Adj. oe must labour, Soph. Fr. 779, Eur. H. F. 1251.

  • From A Greek-English Lexicon (Liddell-Scott) (1957)

    λυπέω. (λύπη) to give pain to, to pain, distress, grieve, vex, whether in body or mind, twa Hes. Opp. 399, Hdt. 8.144, Trag., etc.; opp. to εὐφραίνειν, Eur. Alc. 238; ἡ θώραξ A. distresses by its weight, Xen. Mem. 3. 10, 15 :—c. neut. Adj., λυπεῖν μηδὲν αὐτόν Eur. Cycl. 338, cf. Hdt. 8. 144, Xen. Cyr. 3. 3,50; ταὐτὰ ταῦτα λυποῦντες, ἃ ἐγὼ ὑμᾶς ἐλύπουν Plat. Apol. 41 E ;—c. part., ἐλύπει αὐτὸν ἡ χώρα πορθου- μένη Xen. An. 7.7, 12; ov σκοπεῖς ὅ τι μὴ λυπήσεις τοὺς ἄλλους ποιῶν Dem. 559. 5:—foll. by relat., cat μ᾽ ἦμαρ .. λυπεῖ, τί πράσσει Soph. O.T. 74, cf. El. 59; οὐδὲν ἐλύπησεν [αὐτό], ὥστε μή... -- ἔβλαψεν, Plat. Crat. 393 E, etc. 2. absol. to cause pain or grief, ἄγαν γε λυπεῖ Soph. Aj. 589, Ant. 573, cf. O.T. 1231; τὸ λυποῦν Antiph. Ἴατρ. 1, Menand, Πλοκ. 9. 8. in histor. writers, of cavalry and light troops, to harass, annoy an army by constant attacks, Hdt. 9. 40, cf. 61, Thuc. 6.66, Xen., etc.; λῇσται .. τὴν Λακωνικὴν ἧσσον ἐλύπουν Thuc. 4.53, cf. Ar, Av. 1427. IT. Pass. with fut. med., (Eur. Med. 474, etc.) : —to be pained, grieved, distressed, sad, to grieve, λυπεῖσθαι φρένα Theogn. 593; γνώμῃ Thuc. 2. 64; opp. to χαίρειν, ᾧ μήτε χαίρειν μήτε λυπεῖσθαι πάρα Aesch. Fr. 257, cf. Soph. Aj. 555, etc.; μὴ λυπέεο be not distressed, Hdt. 8. 100; ὑπὸ θεραπαίνης ἐπίτηδες A. Lys. 92. 37: —c. acc, cogn., τὰς ἐσχάτας A. λύπας Plat. Gorg. 494 Δ, cf. Phaedo 85 A; also, διπλῇ τινι λύπῃ A. Id. Phileb. 36 A:—also c. acc. rei, fo grieve about a thing, Soph. Aj. 1086; πρός τι Thuc. 2. 64, Plat. Rep. 585A; διά τι Plat. Phileb. 52 B; ἐπί τινι Xen. Mem. 3.9, 8; περί τινος Plat. Prot. 354 D:—c. part., λυπεῖ... ἐστερημένη Eur. Med. 286; ἐλυ- metro ὁρῶν Dem. 301. 3:—absol. to feel pain, Eur. lon 632, etc.; τὸ λυπούμενον, = % λύπη, Plat. Legg. 689 A. λύπη [Ὁ], ἡ, pain of body, Lat. dolor, opp. to ἡδονή, Plat. Phileb. 31 C, etc.: also sad plight or condition, Hdt. 7. 152. 2. pain of mind, grief, Hdt. 7. 16, and Att. ; δῆγμα δὲ λύπης οὐδὲν ἐφ᾽ ἧπαρ προσικνεῖται Aesch. Ag. 791; Ti yap καλὸν ζῆν βίοτον, ds λύπας péper; Id. Fr. 174, cf. Soph. O. C. 1216, etc.; ἐρωτικὴ A. Thuc. 6.58; λύπας ἐμβάλλειν Antipho 116. 29; A. φέρειν τινί Andoc. 20. 35; opp. to χαρά, Xen. Hell 7215932. - λύπημα, τό, pain, Dio C. 55. 17; for Soph. Tr. 554, ν. λυτή- ptos. (With o/AYTI, cf. Skt. lup, lump-dmi (rumpo, perdo), lup- yami (confundo) ; peth. also Lat. rump-o, O. Norse rf (rumpo), Lith. rup-eti (vexare).)

  • From A Greek-English Lexicon (Liddell-Scott) (1957)

    οἰκτρο-χοέω φωνήν, to pour forth a piteous strain, Ar. Vesp. 555. οἰκῶναξ, ακτος, 6, (ἄναξ) master of a house, Hesych. 5. v. ἑστιοῦχος. οἰκώς, via, és, Ion. for ἐοικώς, part. of ἔοικα. Adv. -ότως. οἰκ-ωφελής, és, (PeAAw) profitable to a house, γυνὴ oik. a wife whose prudence makes the house thrive, Theocr. 28.2. Adv. -λῶς, Dio C. 56. 7. οἰκ-ωφελία, Ion. -ty, ἡ, profit to a house, housewifery, of a home-life as opp. to that of a warrior, τοῖος @’ ἐν πολέμῳ᾽ ἔργον δέ μοι οὐ φίλον ἔσκεν οὐδ᾽ οἰκωφελίη Od. 14. 223; cf. Naumach. ap. Stob. 438. 6, and Gladstone Hom. Stud. 3. 78 sq. ᾿Οἰλεύς, éws, 6, Oilews, a Locrian chief, father of Ajax the Less, Il. 2. 527. (The orig. form was Fideds, from FiAn (ἴλη), a troop.) οἶμα, τό, -- οἴμημα, ὅρμημα, Lat. impetus, οἷμα λέοντος ἔχων with the spring or rush of a lion, Il. 16. 752; αἰετοῦ οἴματ᾽ ἔχων with the swoop of an eagle, 21. 252; of a serpent, Q. Sm. 6. 201, etc. (Prob., like οἴμη, οἶμος, from εἶμι ibo.) οἶμαι, contr. from οἴομαι, 4. Vv. οἰμάω, (οἴμη), only used in fut. and aor., to swoop or pounce upon, οἴμησεν δὲ ἀλεὶς ὥστ᾽ αἰετός 1]. 22. 308, 311, Od. 24. 5383; κίρκος .. ot- POE μετὰ τρήρωνα πέλειαν swooped after a dove, Il. 22. 140. 2, absol. to dart along, θύννοι δ᾽ οἰμήσουσι Οταο. ap. Hdt. 1. 62. οἴμη, ἡ. -- οἶμος : metaph. the way of song, a song or lay, οἴμας Moto’ ἐδίδαξε Od. 8. 4815; θεὸς δέ μοι ἐν φρεσὶν οἴμας παντοίας ἐνέφυσεν 22. 347; οἴμης τῆς .. κλέος οὐρανὸν εὐρὺν ἵκανεν 8.74; οἴμην δῶκε Φοῖβος τέττιγι power of song, Anacreont. 35.14; οἴμῃ θελγομένους Ap. Rh. 4. 150; αἰνιγμάτων οἶμαι Lyc. 11. (V. sub οἶμα.) οἴμοι, exclam. of pain, fright, pity, anger, grief, also of surprise, pro- pertly ot μοι ak me! woe’s me! first in Theogn. (for in Homer it is always ὦ μοι), then often in Trag.; οἴμ᾽ ws τεθνήξεις Ar. Ach. 590; and comically, οἴμ᾽ ὡς ἥδομαι Nub. 773 :---οἴμοι is mostly absol., or is used with a nom. οἴμοι ἔγὼ τλάμων, οἴμοι τάλας, οἴμοι δείλαιος etc., Soph. Tr. 971, Aj. 340, εἴς. ; ironical, οἴμοι, καταύδα oh! denounce it, Id. Ant. 86 ;—not rarely c. gen. causae, οἴμοι ἀναλκείης Theogn. 887 ; οἴμοι τῶν κακῶν, οἴμοι γέλωτος, etc., often in Trag., cf. Monk Hipp. 1452, Jelf Gr. Gr. § 489 :—otwor μοι also occurs, like ὦ μοί μοι, but should be written οἰμοιμοῖ, acc, to Ap. Dysc. in A. B. 588; v. Dind. Ar. Pax 258.—The Mss. often give ὦμοι or ὦμοι, as in Soph. Aj. 227, 980, O. C. 202, etc., a form acknowledged by Apoll. in A. B. 536. [The last syll. in οἴμοι may be elided in Trag. and Com, before ws, οἴμ᾽ ὡς ἔοικας ὀρθὰ μαρτυρεῖν Soph. Aj. 354, cf. Ant. 320, 1270, Ar. ll.c., Cratin. Tur. 3.]

  • From A Greek-English Lexicon (Liddell-Scott) (1957)

    λείβω, Il., Att. (cf. εἴβωλ) :—aor., inf. λεῖψαι, part. λείψας 1]. 7. 481., 24.285 :—Med.,v.infr.1I: aor. ἐλειψάμην Eur. Alc. 1015 :—Pass., Hes. Sc. 390, Eur. (From 4/AIB come λίβ-ει (σπένδει Hesych.), λίβ-α, λιβ-άς, λιβ-άδιον, λίψ, Lat. de-lib-utus; from the lengthd. 4/AEIB come λείβ-ω, λείβ-ηθρον, λοιβ-ή, Lat. lib-are, Lib-er ; prob. also λίμ-νη, λῖμ-ήν, λειμ-ών, and Lat. lin-o, lit-us.) To pour, pour forth, used like σπένδω in a religious sense, οἶνον λείβειν to make a libation of wine, ΤΙ. τ. 463, Od. 3. 460; μέθυ 12. 362; also λείβειν (without οἶνον) 1]. 24. 285; esp. with a dat. of the gods to whom the libation is made, λείβειν ἸΚρονίωνι 7. 481; θεοῖς Od. 2. 432; in full, A. Ad αἴθοπα οἶνον Il. 6. 266, cf. το. 579; rare, σπονδὰς θύειν τε A. Te Aesch. Supp. 981 ; σπονδὰς θεοῖς Δ. Eur. Ion 1033. II. like εἴβω (q.v.), fo let flow, shed, δάκρυα 2. Il. 13. 88, 658, Od. 5. 84., 16. 214; so in Trag., δάκρυ A. Aesch. Theb. 51; ἐκ δ᾽ ὀμμάτων λείβουσι δυσφιλῆ λίβα Id. Eum. 54; δι᾽ ὄμματος ἀστακτὶ Δ. δάκρυον Soph. Ο. Ο. 1251; τήκειν καὶ A. (absol.) to melt and liquefy one’s substance, Plat. Rep. 411 Β :—Pass., of the tears, to be poured or pour forth, Eur. Phoen. 1522, Xen. Cyr. 6. 4, 3; but also of persons, λείβεσθαι δακρύοις κόρας, to have one’s eyes running with tears, Eur. Andr. 532. 2. so of other liquids, λεί- Bovow ἔλαια drop with oil, Call. Ap. 38:—Pass., ἀφρὸς περὶ στόμα λείβεται Hes. Sc. 390, cf. Plat. Tim. 82 D; ὅπλα A. λύθρῳ, τύμβος μέλιτι Anth. P. 6. 163., 7. 36:—metaph. of sound (cf. yéw), λειβόμενον +.» σὺν καμάτῳ Pind. P. 12. 17. IIT. in Pass., also, to melt or pine away, Ar. Eq. 327, cf. Plut. 2. 681 Β.---σπένδω was nearly equiv. in sense, and was the Verb used in Att. Com. and Prose. 881 λειεντερία, 7, (λεῖος, ἔντερον) the passing one’s food without digesting it, laevitas intestinorum (Cels.), Hipp. Aph. 1248, etc. λειεντερικόσ, 7, 6v,=sq., Hipp. Epid. 3. 1086. λειεντεριώδης, es, affected with λειεντερία, Hipp. Aph. 1249, etc. Acifopar, Lon. and poét. for ληΐζομαι, q. v. λεικνάριον, λεικνίζω, Acikvov, f.1. for λεκν--. λειμᾶκίδες, ai, A. νύμφαι meadow-nymphs, Orph. Arg. 644, Ruhnk.

  • From A Greek-English Lexicon (Liddell-Scott) (1957)

    λυγιστικός, 7, dv, readily twisting, supple, of dancers, Poll. 4. 97. λύγιστός, 7, ov, bent, pliant, Gloss. λυγκάζω =Avyyavw, Hesych. ; in Suid. λυγκαίνω. λύγκειος, a, ov, (Avyé, 6) lynx-like, βλέμμα Anth. P. append. 66. λυγκικός, 7, ὄν, -- λύγκειος, Theod. Prodr. λυγκίον, 76, Dim. of λύγξέ, Callix. Ath. 201 C. λυγκούριον, λιγκούριον, or λιγγούριον, τό, a sort of gem; acc. to some, a reddish amber, but more prob. the modern jacinth (not ὑάκινθος, 4. ν.), Theophr. Lap. 26, Diosc. 2. 100. λυγμός, ov, ὃ, (λύζω) =Advyé (ἡ), Hipp. Aph. 1252, Arist. Probl. 33. 1 and 17; in pl., Nic. Th. 434. Avypadys, ες, --λυγγώδης, Hipp. Art. 840, Diocl. Ep. ad Antig. 3. Avy§, 6, 7, gen. λυγκός (Avyya in Eur. Fr. 855 is f. 1. for λύγκα) :--- a lynx, Felis lynx, h, Hom. 18.24; βαλιαὶ λύγκες Eur. Alc. 579, cf. Arist. H. A. 2. I, 33, etc. (O. H.G. luks, Germ. luchs, Lith. luszis). λύγξ, ἡ, gen. λυγγός, (λύζω) a sobbing or spasmodic affection of the throat, hiccup, Lat. singultus, Hipp. Aph. 1255, al.; A. κενή, a useless, ineffectual retching, nothing being thrown off the stomach, Thuc. 2. 46: for various remedies against it, v. Plat. Symp. 185 D, and cf. Foés Oecon. Hipp.:—in pl. and as masc., τοῖς Avygi Galen. 1. 356. 11. v. λίης. λύγε δοθίος; ἢ, ov, bound with willow-twig's, epith. of Artemis, Paus. 3. 16, Il. Aiyo-eBys, ἐς, like agnus castus, Diosc. 4. 146. Avyoméxos, ov, plaiting of willow-twigs, Gloss. λύγος [Ὁ], 7, also 6, Longus 3. 27,=the later ἄγνος, vitex agnus or agnus castus, ἃ willow-like tree, withy; in pl. its twigs or withes, Lat. vimina, τοὺς [the goats] συνέεργον ἐὐστρεφέεσσι λύγοισι Od. 9. 427, cf. το. 166, Eur. Cycl. 225, etc.; in δίδη μόσχοισι λύγοισι 1]. 11. 105, λύγοισι is the specific word added to the generic μόσχοισι (as in σῦς κάπρος, ἴρηξ κίρκος, etc.); λ. καὶ κλάδοι Arist. Plant. 1. 3, 3, etc. :—it was also used for wreaths, στεφανοῦται Avyw Anacr. 41, cf. Ath. 671 F; and ν. sub λύγινος. IT. = στρεβλή. a screw-press, used by carpen- ters, Hesych, (Hence come λυγίζω, λυγόω ; cf. Skt. ling, ling-ami (flecto) ; Lat. lig-are, lic-tor, perhaps luc-ta.) Avyo-reux ys, ἔς, made of withes, κύρτος Anth. P. 9. 562. λυύγόω, to tie fast, ἱμάντι κατ᾽ αὐχένος ἅμμα Anth. P. 9. 150; ἀλυκτο- πέδῃσι λυγωθείς Anth. Plan. 15. II. to bend, overpower, Aavaas ἐλύγωσεν ὅδε φρένα Anth. P. Een ty λυγρο-πᾶθής, és, suffering mournfully, βίοτος Epigr. Gr. 151. 12. vypos, a, ov, (v. fin.) sore, baneful, mournful, ὄλεθρος, γῆρας Il. Io. 174, Od. 24. 250, etc.; also with many other words, mostly denoting states of body or mind, as ἄλγος, ἀνδροκτασίη, ἄτη, dais, ἔλκος, ἔχθος, κῆδος, etc. ; so, A. δέος Archil. 16; νεῖκος Pind. N. 8. 43; πένθος Aesch. $ Cho. 17; ὀργή Ib. 835 ; πόνοι, νόσος Soph. O. T. 185, Ph. 1424, etc.: 906

  • From A Greek-English Lexicon (Liddell-Scott) (1957)

    νοσέω : no Ion. form νουσέω appears to have been in use, y. Dind. de Dial. Hdt. p. xl: (νόσοΞ). To be sick, ill, to ail, whether in body or mind, Hdt. 1. 19, 105, al.; τῆς πόλεως .. οὔπω νενοσηκυίας not yet hav- ing suffered from the plague, Thuc. 2. 31; νενοσηκὸς αἷμα diseased, Arist. H. A. 3. 19, 11; νόσῳ ν. Aesch. Pr. 384; ἀπαιδίᾳ Eur. Ion 620, etc. ; so c. acc. cogn., νοῦσον νοσεῖν Hat. 3. 33, Trag., Antipho 114. 32, etc., cf. Lob. Paral. 510; (so, νόσον μαίνεσθαι Aesch. Pr. 977; νόσον ἀλγεῖν Soph. Ph. 1326): also c. acc. partis, νοσεῖν κῶλον Ib. 41; ν. ὀφθαλμούς to be affected in.., Plat. Gorg. 495 E; τοὺς νεφρούς Arist. P. A. 3. 9, 4, εἴς. : vd νοσοῦν, --νόσος Soph. Ph. 675, Plat. Symp. 186 B:—also of things, y νοσεῖ Xen. Ath. 2,6; ν. ὕδωρ is foul, Paus., etc. :—Pass., ἡμέραι αἱ νοσούμεναι days on which one is ill, Hipp. 256. 54. 2. of passion, ν. μάτην to be mad, Soph. Aj. 635; θολερῷ χειμῶνι νοσήσας Ib. 207; ἐξ ἀλαστόρων v. Id. Tr. 1235; and simply νοσεῖν, Ib. 4353 also, φρένες νοσοῦσι Cratin. Incert.1; ψυχῆς νοσούσης ἐστὲ φάρμακον λόγος Menand. Monost. 550; cf. νόσημα 2, νόσος IT. 2. 3. generally, to be ix an unsound state, to suffer, νοσεῖ τὰ τῶν θεῶν Eur. Tro. 27; τοῖσιν οἰκείοις κακοῖς Soph. Ο. C. 766; πονηρίᾳ Xen. Mem. 3. 5, 18; τόδ᾽ ἄλγος Soph. Ph. 1326; τι τῶν ἀπορρήτων κακῶν Eur. Hipp. 293:—of states, to suffer from faction and the like, 7 Μίλητος νοσήσασα στάσι Hdt. 5. 28; νοσεῖ πόλις Soph. Ant. ΤΟΙ ; ἐκεῖ νοσοῦ- μεν Eur. Hel. 581; νοσοῦσι καὶ στασιάζουσι Dem. 22. 7, οἵ. 123. fin. ; pel 1010 ἀπόλωλεν καὶ νενόσηκεν ἡ Ἑλλάς Id. 121.7; ai δὲ πόλεις ἐνόσουν Id. 240. 27; cf. νόσημα 3. νοσηλεία, 7, (νοσηλεύω) care of the sick, nursing, Plut. Lyc. 10. (from Pass.) sickness which needs tending, Id. 2. 110 D, 788 F. matter discharged from a sore, Soph. Ph. 39. νοσηλεύω, to tend a sick person, τινά Isocr. 389 Ὁ, Babr. 13. 83 6 νοσηλεύων a physician, C.1. 4767. 2. to make one sick, Anaxil. May. 1 :—Pass. to need medical attendance, to be sick, App. Civ. 2. 28, Julian 181 C, νοσηλία, 7, sickness, ap. Joseph. c. Apion. I. 34. νοσήλιος, a, ov, of or for sickness, φάρμακον Eust. Opusc. 122. 27; v. ψῆγμα pills, Ib. 304. 35 (ubi male νοσήλειον, as in Walz Rhett. 3. 522) :---νοσήλια (sc. σιτία), τά, food for sick persons, Opp. H. 1. 301; the Ion. form νουσήλια is restored by Welcker in the Fragm. of Arctin. ap. Schol. Il. 11. 515. νοσηλός, 7, dv, diseased, νοσηλότερον ὀστέον Hipp. 817 G.

  • From A Greek-English Lexicon (Liddell-Scott) (1957)

    740, etc.; v. οἶνος Ar. Pax g16; ἐν τοῖς μουσικοῖς τὰ νέα [μέλη] εὐδο- κιμεῖ Xen. Cyt. 1. 6, 38 :---ἡ νέα (sc. σελήνη), the new moon, Lat. novi- lunium, esp. in phrase ἕνη καὶ νέα, v. ἕνος τ. 2 ;—but, μηνὸς TH νέᾳ (sc. ἡμέρᾳ) on the first day of the month, Plat. Legg. 849 B;—véov ἦμαρ Ap. Rh. 4.1479 :—in this sense rarely of persons, 6 ν. τάγος μακάρων Aesch. Pr. 96, cf. Ar. Pl. 960; of ν. θεοί, opp. to the older race, Aesch. Eum. 721, etc. 2. of events, etc., zew, with collat. notion of τιγι- expected, strange, Ti νέον ; Aesch. Ag. 85; προσδοκῶ γάρ τι νέον Eur. Supp. 99; μῶν τι βουλεύει νέον ; Soph. Ph. 1229, cf. 554, Thuc. 5. 50, etc. ; ἀπροσδοκήτους καὶ νέους λόγους Aesch, Supp. 712; καινὰ νέα τ᾽ ἄχη Id. Pers. 60 :—this sense is more common in Comp., v. sub νεώ- TEpos. III. neut. νέον as Adv. of Time, newly, lately, just, just now, opp. to the long past, as well as to the present, Hom., etc.; παῖδα νέον γεγαῶτα Od. 19. 400, cf. Il. 3. 394; νέον κρατεῖν Aesch. Pr. 35, 955, etc.; also with the Art., καὶ τὸ παλαιὸν καὶ τὸ νέον Hat. 9. 26: in Prose νεωστί (q.v.); but νέως is rare: Comp. Adv. vewrépws, Plat. Legg. 907 C; Sup. vewrara, most recently, Thuc. 1. 7:—so also, ἐκ νέας, Ion. ἐκ νέης, anew, afresh, Lat. denuo, Hdt.1.60., 5.110. Iv. the degrees of Comp. are νεώτερος, νεώτατος, v. sub νεώτερος : but the orig. Comp. and Sup. must be looked for in the poét. forms veapds, véaros : —the form veairepos is corrupt for νεαίρετος in Aesch. Fr. 316: an Ion. form νειότατος is cited by Hesych. (From the same Root come νειός, νεαρός, vedy, νεανίας, νέαξ, νεοσσός, νεοχμός, νέατος (νήτη), νεωστί (latest), νείαιρα (lower). This Root must have been ΝΕΡ-, cf. Skt. nav-as, nav-yas; Zd. nav-a; Lat. nov-us, nov-icius, nov-are, nov-alis, nov-erca, de-nu-o, nup-er, nuntius (novi-ventius?) ; Goth. niu-jis (véos) ; niu-jitha (kawérns); Lith. nau-jes; Slav. nov-u:—veBpés also is prob. for veF pds, a young animal.) νεός (sub. γῆ), v. sub νειός. νεός, Ion. gen. of ναῦς, Hom. νεοσίγᾶλος [1], ov, (cvyaddes) new and sparkling, with all the gloss on, Pind. Ο. 3. ὃ. νεοσκἄφή, és, newly dug, Lyc. 1097. νεοσκύλευτος [0], ov, newly taken as booty, Anth. P. 7. 430. νεόσμηκτος, ον, (σμήχω) newly cleaned, θώρηκες 1]. 15. 342; χαλκός Plut. Aemil. 32; κάλαμος Anth. P. 6. 227- νεοσμίλευτος [1], ov, new-carved, γράμματα Anth. P. 7. 411; v. Bentl. Phalar. p. 232, and cf. σμίλευμα. veoomudys, és, (σπάω) -ε νεοσπάς, v. ξίφος (perhaps) newly drawn from a wound, bloody, Aesch, Eum. 42. 999 νεοσπάρακτος [a], ov, newly torn, Schol. Ar. Eq. 345. νεοσπάς, ddos, ὁ, ἡ, newly torn away, fresh-plucked, θαλλός Soph. Ant.

  • From A Greek-English Lexicon (Liddell-Scott) (1957)

    μυρτ-άκανθα, 7, -- μυρρινάκανθος, Lob. Phryn. 111. μυρταλίς, ίδος, ἡ, Lacon. for μυρρινάκανθος, Hesych. μυρτάς, δος, ἡ, like μυρτίνη, a kind of pear-tree, Nic. Th. 513. μυρτεών, ὥνος, 6, (μύρτοΞ) = μυρρινών, Gloss. μυρτία, ἡ, --μύρτος, Hesych. μυρτίδἄᾶνον, τό, a myrtle-like plant, Hipp. 603. 38. Il. a rough excrescence on the root and branches of the myrtle, \ike the Kermes berries on the holm-oak, Diosc. 1. 156, Galen. III. the seed of the Persian pepper-tree, Hipp. 672. 15: also another Indian or Persian fruit used as pepper, Xenocr. μυρτίνη [1], 7, a sort of pear-tree or olive, Nic. Al. 88, v. Schol. μύρτινος, ἢ, ον, of myrtle, στέφανος Eubul. Step. 4; cf. μύρσινος. μυρτίς, ίδος, ἧ,-- μύρτον, Diphil. Τελεσ. 1, Polyb. ap. Ath. 651 Ὁ. μυρτίτης [7], 6, name of a species of spurge, Theophr. H. P. 9. 11, ὃ 2. μ. οἶνος, = μυρρινίτης, Diosc. 5. 36. pupTo- piyys, és, mixed with myrtle-berries, Geop, 4. 4. μύρτον, ov, τό, the fruit of the myrtle (μύρτος), the myrtle-berry, Lat. _ myrtum, Ar. Av. 160, 1100, Plat. Rep. 372 C, Theopomp. Com. Incert. 3. 2. -- μυρσίνη, Archil. 155. II. the pudenda muliebria, Ar. Lys, 1034; the same as the νύμφη or κλειτορίς, Rufus p. 32, Poll.i2. 174, Hesych. ; μυρτό- τχειλα, τά, and μυρτοχειλίδες, αἱ, its edges, Ibid. μυρτο-πέτᾶλον, τό, the polygonum, Diosc. Noth. 4. 4, Plin. 27. 91. puptos, ἡ, the myrtle, Lat. myrtus, Simon. 22, Scol. ap. Ath. 695 B, etc. IL. a twig or spray of myrtle, Pind. 1. 4 (3). 1173 στέφανος μύρτων Ar. Ran. 330 μύρτων, wvos, 6, nickname of a debauchee, Luc. Lexiph. 12. μύρω [Ὁ], Ep. Verb, only used in pres. and impf., Ζο flow, run, trickle, δάκρυσι. μῦρον they melted into tears, Hes. Sc. 132. II. elsewhere always 1 in Med. μύρομαι, to melt into tears, to shed tears, weep, πολέες δ᾽ ἀμφ΄ αὐτὸν ἑταῖροι μύρονθ᾽ Il. 19. 6; κλαίοντέ τε μυρομένω τε 22. 427; γοόωσά TE μυρομένη Te 6. 373, Od. 19. TIO}; ἐλεὸν μύρετο Hes. Op. 204 :—also of a river, to flow, ῥείθροισι .. μύρεται- Sims Lyc. 982, cf. Ap. Rh. 2.3713; αἵματι μ. to run with blood, Id. 4. 666. 2. c. acc. to weep for, bewail, Bion 1. 68, Mosch, 3. 74 and ΟἹ (where aor. μύρατο occurs). —Later writers use instead μῦρολογέω (mod. Greek μυριολογέω), and μῦρῳδέω (like θρηνῳδέω), Coraés Heliod. 2. p. 169. μὺῦρώδης, ες, like unguent, Schol. Luc. Lexiph. 8. μύρωμα [Ὁ]. τό, ax ointment spread for use, Alcae. ap. Eust. 1295. 20, Ar. Eccl. 1117.

  • From A Greek-English Lexicon (Liddell-Scott) (1957)

    λυπηρός͵ a, dv, (λυπέω, cf. Aumpds) : I. of things, painful, dis- tressing, Lat. molestus, Hdt. 5. 106, Soph, El. 553. Eur., etc. ; τί σοι τοῦτ᾽ ἐστὶ λυπηρὸν κλύειν Soph. Ο. C. 1176; τάν δόμοισι λυπηρά Eur. Ion 623, εἴο. ; ἀζημίους μέν, λυπηρὰς δὲ ἀλγηδόνας causing pain, Thuc. 2.37; τὰ A. Xen. Hier. 1, 8. ΤΙ. of persons, 1. in good sense, causing sorrow, λυπηρὸς ἡμῖν τούσδ᾽ ἂν ἐκλίποι δόμους Eur. Hipp. 796. 2. in bad sense, causing pain, troublesome, A. κλύειν Soph. 908 El. 5573 A. οὐκ ἣν, ἀλλ᾽ ἐπίφθονος πόλει Eur. Supp. 893; cf. Ar. Ach. 456, Thuc. 1. 76, etc.; in Thuc. 6. 16, of those who are objects of jealousy and envy, cf. 2. 64. 111. Adv. λυπηρῶς, painfully, so as to cause pain, Soph. Ph. 912; λυπηρῶς δ᾽ ἔχει εἰ... it is painful that .., Id. El. 767, cf. Eur. Bacch. 1264. 2. with pain, so as to feel or shew pain, λ. φέρειν τι Isocr. 199 D, cf. Arist. Eth. N. 3. 1, 11, al. λυπησί-λογος, ov, giving pain by talking, Cratin. Incert. 42. λυπητέον, verb. Adj. one must feel pain, Xen. Apol. 27. λυπητύριος, a, ov, =sq., Jo. Chrys. λυπητικός, 7, Ov, feeling pain, ἐπί τινι Arist. M. Mor. 1. 28, 1. distressing, τὸ λυπ., -- λύπη, Plut. 2. 657 A. Aomps-bros, ov, leading a wretched life, Strab. 318. λυπρό-γεως, wy, with poor soil, App. Hisp. 59 (Suid. —yatos), Philo 2. 294: V. sq. υπρός, a, ov, (λυπέω, cf. λυπηρός) distressful, wretched, poor, sorry, esp. of land, γαῖα Od. 13. 243, cf. Hdt.g. 122, Arist. H. A. 5. 28, 4, Ruhnk. Tim. s. v., (so the Romans applied Jaetws to a rich soil) ; so, of plants (cf. Virg. triste lupinum), Theophr. C.P. 2. 4, 5; A. τροφαί Ib. 6; A. ἀργύριον Id. Char. 4; μισθάριον Diog. L. Io. 4. 11.- λυπηρός, 1. of persons, causing pain, offensive, ἐμοί ye λυπρός Aesch. Eum. 174; A. φανεῖ Eur. Med. 302. 2. of states and con- ditions, painful, distressing, Aesch. Pers. 1034, Cho. 835, Eur. Alc. 370, etc.; τὸ λυπρόν Eur. Supp. 38. 111. Adv., λυπηρῶς ἔφερεν, aegre Ferebat, Ib.898; A. πράττειν Plut. Dio 58; also, λυπρὰ πράττειν Id.Cim.1. λυπρότης, τος, ἣ, wretchedness, poverty, of land, Strab. 130; etc. λυπρό-χωρος, ov, -- λυπρόγαιος, Strab. 427.