Anger

Passages

Every passage tagged with this emotion in the Vela corpus. Search the body text, narrow by source or register, click through to a book’s profile to see how the passage sits with the rest of the work.

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• From Martin Luther (2016)

  In 1529 the Catholic cantons joined forces with Austria under the emperor’s brother, Ferdinand, thereby creating a much more powerful coalition, and in 1531 war broke out. Back in 1527, Luther’s Nuremberg friend Andreas Osiander had predicted that “Zwingli would come to ignominy within three years.” 4 He was a year out. In October 1531, barely four years later, the Zurichers, with their cannon, magnificent supplies, and proud arms, were defeated at Kappel by the forces of the Catholic cantons. “You told us they would run away, that their bullets would rebound on them….You cooked up this gruel and put the carrots in too—now you must help us eat it,” a furious citizen-soldier shouted at Zwingli at the height of the battle. 5 Zwingli himself was wounded, and then casually finished off by an ordinary halberdier. His body was quartered and burned by the executioner of Lucerne, and his ashes were mixed with dung. 6 He had been worse than a heretic: Here was a cleric who had taken up arms, disgracing his cassock. The manner of his death was deeply shocking and it could not have better encapsulated the difference between Lutherans and south Germans. Zwingli died as a citizen of Zurich, fighting alongside the members of his community and fulfilling the oath that he, like all citizens, had sworn to defend their freedoms; twenty more clergy died alongside him at Kappel. 7 Luther still regarded the clergy as a separate group, set apart by their calling, whose role was never to fight. The son of a man who knew how to defend his honor with his fists, Luther remained a theologian and pastor, while Zwingli died a citizen and a man of action. Luther wrote his epitaph on the Zwinglian party in a letter to his friend Amsdorf: “This is the result of the fame that they sought through blasphemies against the Communion of Christ.” Luther now claimed Osiander’s prophecy as his own: “I was a prophet, when I said that God would not allow these rabid…blasphemies.” He quoted Jesus to his table companions: “He who takes the sword will die by the sword.” 8 Yet for all that he might rejoice at Zwingli’s downfall, the Lutherans’ own cause looked bleak. — L UTHER felt surrounded by enemies of the gospel and now the Anabaptists were added to their number. He had always treated the Anabaptists as if they were simply new followers of Müntzer and Karlstadt: They too were Schwärmer, enthusiasts like those he had repudiated in 1524, in Against the Heavenly Prophets . “Anabaptists” was a term of abuse given to them by their opponents, and meant “rebaptizers,” but they did not in fact believe in repeating the sacrament.

• From Martin Luther (2016)

  32. WB 5, Sept. 9, 1529 (Graf Albrecht of Mansfeld), Sept. 9, 1529 (Agricola); Kawerau, Agricola, 110–15. Passavant dedicated his attack to the Mansfeld counts. 33. WB 5, 1473, Sept. 9, 1529, 151:12–18. 34. Ratzeberger, Die handschriftliche Geschichte, 97. 35. Kawerau, Agricola, 168–71. He left behind a letter to Count Albrecht of Mansfeld, to whom he owed his position in Eisleben, in which he poured out his frustration at his “low” salary. The count responded in kind, accusing him of drunkenness, failure to perform his teaching duties, and preaching more against his colleagues than against the papists. 36. Kawerau, Agricola, 172–73; see WT 4, 4043 (1538). He later moved to the house of Melanchthon’s mother-in-law. 37. Förstemann, Urkundenbuch, I, 298; see also Ernst Koch, “ ‘Deutschlands Prophet, Seher und Vater.’ Johann Agricola und Martin Luther. Von den Enttäuschungen einer Freundschaft,” in Peter Freybe, ed., Luther und seine Freunde, 63. 38. WB 8, 3175, Sept. 2, 1537, 122:6–11. German translation in Koch, “Deutschlands Prophet,” 66. 39. WB 8, 3254, Aug. 1538, 279:20. The letter suggested that Luther’s writings contained two different views on sin and forgiveness. Agricola later noted on his draft copy that the letter “which I wrote out of pure simplicity” had “set the Rhine on fire.” Next, Agricola wrote a letter of total prostration to Luther promising never to deviate in the slightest from Luther’s teaching (WB 8, 3284, Dec. 26, 1538(?), 342–43). On the attempted reconciliation in the Church, 342. Koch argues that Agricola’s position was more in line with Luther’s earlier views, and that Luther’s emphasis on law now followed Melanchthon’s position. Part of what was at stake in this dispute therefore concerned the relationship between Melanchthon and Luther. 40. See Kawerau, Agricola, 174–79; WS 39, 1, Die Thesen zu den Disputationen gegen die Antinomer, 334–58; WS 50, Wider die Antinomer, 1539, 461–77. 41. WT 6, 6880, 248:33–34, at the end of Jan. 1539, just before the disputation on Agricola’s theses; Förstemann, Urkundenbuch, I, 319. 42. Humiliatingly he had to write to Georg von Dolzig to beg him not to cancel his salary, appealing on behalf of his sick wife and nine children: WB 8, 3284, Dec. 22, 1538, Introduction; letter, Kawerau, Agricola, 196, 342. 43. WB 8, 3208, Jan. 6, 1538. 44. WS 51, Bericht auff die Klage M. Johannis Eissleben, 1540, 429–43, 431b:5–6; 436b:6–9; and see WS 50, Wider die Antinomer, 1539, 461ff. 45. See WB 9, 3460, April 7, 1540; 3533, Sept. 3, 1540 (Luther reported it to Güttel). 46. Kawerau, Agricola, 211–15; Melanchthon had drafted a revocation in 1539, and now he warned Agricola of Luther’s anger. Indeed, Luther was inexorable. At table, he said Agricola must confess “that I [that is, Agricola] have been a fool, and have done injustice to those of Wittenberg, for they teach rightly, and I have attacked them unfairly” (WT 5, 5311, Oct.–Nov.

• From The Things They Carried (1990)

  —1it was down inside me like a rock. Granted, I didn't hate him anymore, and I'd lost some of the outrage and passion, but the need for revenge kept eating at me. At night I sometimes drank too much. I'd remember getting shot and yelling out for a medic and then waiting and waiting and waiting, passing out once, then waking up and screaming some more, and how the screaming seemed to make new pain, the awful stink of myself, the sweat and fear, Bobby Jorgenson's clumsy fingers when he finally got around to working on me. I kept going over it all, every detail. I remembered the soft, fluid heat of my own blood. Shock, I thought, and I tried to tell him that, but my tongue wouldn't make the connection. I wanted to yell, "You jerk, it's shock—I'm dying!" but all I could do was whinny and squeal. I remembered that, and the hospital, and the nurses. I even remembered the rage. But I couldn't feel it anymore. In the end, all I felt was that coldness down inside my chest. Number one: the guy had almost killed me. Number two: there had to be consequences. That afternoon I asked Mitchell Sanders to give me a hand. "No pain," I said. "Basic psychology, that's all. Mess with his head a little." "Negative," Sanders said. "Spook the fucker." Sanders shook his head. "Man, you're sick." "All I want is—" "Sick." Quietly, Sanders looked at me for a second and then walked away. I had to get Azar in on it. He didn't have Mitchell Sanders's intelligence, but he had a keener sense of justice. After I explained the plan, Azar gave me a long white smile. "Tonight?" he said. "Just don't get carried away." "Me?" Still smiling, Azar flicked an eyebrow and started snapping his fingers. It was a tic of his. Whenever things got tense, whenever there was a prospect for action, he'd do that snapping thing. Nobody cared for him, including myself. "Understand?" I said. Azar winked. "Roger-dodger. Only a game, right?"

• From Martin Luther (2016)

  Here Bucer explained that since they too held that the true body of Christ was present and eaten in Communion there really was no difference between their positions. 31 It was such an extraordinary concession that Melanchthon thought he was insincere, and Luther was outraged: “I won’t answer Martin Bucer’s letter. You know how I hate their games of dice and their slyness; they don’t please me. This is not what they have taught up to now, but they will neither recognize it nor do penance, rather they just continue to insist that there was no disagreement between us, so that we would have to admit that they taught truly but we had wrongly fought against them, or rather, that we were crazy.” 32 His response squandered the chance of a compromise that might have greatly strengthened the evangelical position. — L UTHER, alone in an isolated castle, complained bitterly that nobody wrote to him. He was exaggerating, but communication did thin when important negotiations were going on. To make things worse, ever since his father’s death he endured headaches that were like an uprising or tumult in his head, as if it were full of thunder, making him nearly faint. These were so severe that he was unable to write or read for days at a time, and he also developed toothache. 33 Stranded in Coburg—or Grobuk, as Luther, always a lover of anagrams, took to calling it—he had plenty of time to contemplate his physical ailments. Barely a letter went by without a mention of them, and discussion of illness became part of the currency of exchange between Melanchthon and Luther, as Luther worried about Melanchthon’s insomnia and Melanchthon scolded Luther for working too hard and not paying attention to his health. Luther saw a spiritual significance in these maladies, referring again to the “colaphizings” of the Devil, using St. Paul’s term for the beatings or buffetings around the head inflicted by the Devil, a term Luther had started to use in 1527. At that time, he had suffered from piles, and in 1528, in a letter to a fellow sufferer he gave an extraordinary description of the illness: “When emptying bowels the flesh around the border of the anal area was pushed out, swelling to about the size of a walnut, in which there was a mustard-seed-sized wounded spot. This spot was sorer the looser the bowels, and less painful the harder the poo. If it was mixed with blood, then there was a relief and almost pleasure in pooing, so that I was often inclined to defecate. And if it was touched with the finger, it itched pleasurably and the blood flowed.”

• From A Greek-English Lexicon (Liddell-Scott) (1957)

  39. 2. mind, temper, will, 0. πρόφρων. ἵλαος or ἀπηνής, ynrens, σιδήρεος Hom.; ἕνα θυμὸν ἔχειν to be of one mind, Il. 15. 710, etc. ; ἶσον θυμὸν ἔχειν 17. 720; of a team of oxen, 13. 704; of wolves, etc., 22. 263; δόκησε δ᾽ ἄρα σφίσι θυμὸς ὡς ἔμεν it pleased them to be of this mind, Od. 10. 415. 3. spirit, courage, μένος καὶ θυμός 1]. 20. 174; θυμὸν λαμβάνειν to take heart, Od. το. 401; πᾶσιν δὲ παραὶ ποσὶ κάππεσε θυμός 1]. 15. 280; so later, θ. ἔχειν ἀγαθόν Hdt. 1.120; θυμὸν οὐκ ἀπώλεσεν Soph. ΕἸ. 26; 0. ἀμυνίας Ar. Eq. 570; ῥώμῃ καὶ θυμῷ ἐπιέναι Xen. Cyr. 4. 2,21; φρονήματός τε καὶ θυμοῦ ἐμπίπλασθαι Plat. Rep. 411 C :—Plato divided the animal part of the soul into θυμός and ἐπιθυμία, spirit or passion, and appetite, Rep. 439 E, cf. Arist. Eth. N. 3.1, 21., 7. 6,1 sq.3 cf. θυμοειδής 3, θυμικός 2. 4. as the seat of anger, χωόμενον κατὰ θυμόν Il. τ. 429; νεμεσίζεσθαι evi θυμῷ 17. 254; θυμὸν ἐχώσατο τό. 616, etc.:—hence, anger, wrath, δάμασον θυμόν 9g. 496; εἴξας ᾧ θυμῷ Ib. 598; θυμὸς μέγας ἐστὶ .. βασιλῆος 2. 196, cf. 9. 496 :—so later, θυμὸς ὀξύς Soph. O. Ὁ. 1193, cf. 1198, Eur., etc.; θυμῷ in wrath, Soph. O. C. 689; opp. to λογισμός or λόγος, Thuc. 2.11, Plat., εἴς. ; ἐπανάγειν τὸν 0. Hdt. 2.160; ἐκτείνειν Andoc. 27. 53 καταθέσθαι Ar. Vesp. 567; δακεῖν Id. Nub. 1369; θυμῷ χρᾶσθαι Hdt. 1.137, al.; θυμῷ ἔχεσθαι Id. 3.50; ὀργῆς καὶ θυμοῦ μεστοί Isocr. 249C; of horses, Xen. Eq. 9, 2: in pl., fits of anger, passions, περὶ φόβων τε καὶ θυμῶν Plat. Phileb. 4oE; of τε 0. καὶ ai κολάσεις Id. Prot. 323 E, cf. Legg. 633 Ὁ, Arist. Rhet. 2. 13, 13. 5. the heart, as the seat of the softer feelings, joy or grief, χαῖρε δὲ θυμῷ Il. 14. 156; ἐν θυμῷ, γρηῦ, χαῖρε Od. 22. 411; γήθησε δὲ θυμῷ 1]. 7. 189; γηθήσειν κατὰ θυμόν 13. 4τό ; θυμὸς ἐνὶ στήθεσσι γεγήθει Ib. 494; ἄλγος ἱκάνει θυμὸν ἐμόν 3.975 μιν ἄχος κραδίην καὶ θυμὸν ἵκανεν 2.171; ἄχνυτο θυμός 14. 39, cf. 6. 524, εἴο. ; of fear, δέος ἔμπεσε θυμῷ 17. 625, cf. 8. 138; of hope, πάτασσε δὲ 0. ἑκάστου 23. 370; of love, τὴν ἐκ θυμοῦ φίλεον 9. 343, cf. Valck. Theocr. 2.61; ἐμῷ κεχαρισμένε θυμῷ my heart's beloved, 1]. 5. 243; and reversely, ἀπὸ θυμοῦ μᾶλλον ἐμοὶ ἔσεαι wilt be alien from my heart, 1. 562; ἐκ θυμοῦ πεσέειν, i.e. to lose his favour, 23. 5953; cf. ἀποθύμιος :---50 later, ἔρωτι θυμὸν ἐκπλα- yetoa Eur. Med. 8; ἐκ θυμοῦ κλαῦσαι Philet. Fr. 2, cf. Valck. Theocr. 2. 61, etc. 6. where it appears to mean the soul as the agent of thought, the proper sense may be retained in Hom.; ταῦθ᾽ ὥρμαινε κατὰ φρένα καὶ κατὰ θ. 1]. 1. 193, etc.; ἤδεε yap κατὰ θυμόν 2. 409, cf. 4. 163, εἴς. ; τὰ φρονέοντ᾽ ἀνὰ θυμόν 2.36; ἐδαΐζετο θυμὸς ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ᾿Αχαιῶν their heart or will was divided, 9. 8; ἕτερος δέ με θυμὸς ἔρυκε another will held me back, Od. 9. 302; φράζετο θυμῷ Il. 16. 646; ἐν θυμῷ ἐβάλοντο ἔπος 15.566: but in Trag. such phrases can hardly be separated from mind or thought, τοὺς λόγους θυμῷ βάλε Aesch. Pr. 706 ; εἰς θυμὸν βαλεῖν τι Soph. O. T. 975; οὐκ ἐς 0. φέρω I bring him not into my mind or thoughts, Id. El. 1347, cf. Fr. 581.—With any Verbs that denote an operation of the soul or mind, Hom. puts θυμῷ as dat. instrumenti, more rarely κατὰ θυμόν, ἐν θυμῷ ; with the same Verbs he often uses θυμός as the subject or object ; so that ἤλπετο κατὰ θυμόν, ἤλπετο θυμῷ are equiv. to ἤλπετο θυμός ; so, ἐμὸν O. ἔπειθον Od. 9. 33, and ἐπείθετο Ovyds.—He uses θυμός as synonymous with φρήν, κατὰ φρένα rat κατὰ θ. 1]. 4.163; with μένος, ψυχή, κραδίη, v. supr.—The seat of the θυμός is with him the breast or the midriff, θυμὸς ἐνὲ στήθεσσι, ἐν φρεσὶ θυμός, v. supr.—The plur. θυμοί is never in Hom., but is found in Att. Prose, esp. for bursts of passion, v. supr. II. 4, Lob. Soph. Aj. 716.

• From Martin Luther (2016)

  When she became pregnant she asked one of the other maids to “jump on her body” so as to abort the child, after which Luther condemned her as an “arch-whore, desperate tart and sack of lies.” He also suspected her of being a papist spy and she was dismissed from her post—as unmarried servants who fell pregnant usually were—and had to leave town: The household’s famed generosity did not extend that far. 92 Luther’s openness to others was legendary, however. Whole families moved into the former monastery. Simon Haferitz, a former follower of Müntzer and embroiled in disputes in Magdeburg, arrived in 1531 with his large family. “I don’t know in what nest I can put this bird…” Luther sighed. “But Luther has a broad back, and will be able to bear this burden too.” 93 Johann Agricola and his family of nine children came to Wittenberg in 1536, when Agricola expected to gain a position at the university, and Luther put up his wife and daughters again in 1545. 94 In 1539 he took in the four orphaned children of Dr. Sebald Münsterer, who had died of plague along with his wife—much to the fury of the Wittenbergers, who accused Luther of plague-spreading. 95 Then there was a motley collection of relatives and friends, including Katharina’s aunt Mume Lena and the fourteen-year-old son of a Bohemian count. 96 The living arrangements could give rise to tension. In 1542 Luther wrote to the schoolmaster at Torgau, telling him to beat his nephew Florian every day for three days until the blood ran: The boy had taken the knife from Luther’s son Paul as the two lads traveled to school. He was to be beaten the first day for taking the knife, on the second for lying that Luther had given it to him, and on the third for stealing it from Luther, whose knife it was. “If the [arse]-licker were still here, I’d teach him to lie and steal!” the furious Luther wrote. 97 — T HE thin, intense monk who had been mocked as sniffing his posy on the Leipzig marketplace had become the solid, settled patriarch, dispensing hospitality to others. By 1530, visitors noticed that Luther had filled out. Now he became portly, and as he would wryly remark shortly before his death, soon the “worms would have a stout doctor to feed on.” This physical transformation created a representational problem for the evangelical movement, however: Holy men were usually bony ascetics, and immune to the pleasures of the flesh.

• From Martin Luther (2016)

  Though he was careful to say in his letter to the Elector that he was neither initiating a feud nor writing a letter of insult, it is hard to imagine any campaign more uncompromisingly aimed at destroying someone’s reputation. To Luther, this was a matter of male honor. As he put it, a “robbery” had been committed, and a woman stolen from her rightful husband by an unjust and overmighty ruler. 79 Luther undoubtedly saw the case through the lens of the Old Testament story of David’s theft of Bathsheba, the wife of Uriah the Hittite. Of course, he had to admit that Hornung had chastised his wife by “stabbing her a bit with a blunt knife,” although he argued that this was “out of marital zeal.” 80 Katharina Blankenfeld—or perhaps her seducer Joachim—replied, giving as good as she got and telling “Bishop Luther” to look in the mirror: He was fornicating with a nun, and he should ponder his own conduct when he went strolling with his lute in the Wittenberg streets of an evening, an insult that insinuated he was a serenading womanizer. Luther promptly published her letter, with a line-by-line commentary of his own that mocked her as an uppity woman. “And may God protect everyone from this Mrs. Katharina Blankenfeld,” he wrote, “unless a good pig-handler can get hold of her first with a sharp knife and castrate her.” 81 The affair rumbled on, and if Luther had at first been convinced that Katharina had been abducted against her will, he soon demonized her as the ultimate shrew. His passionate involvement was further colored by the fact that Joachim’s wife, a Lutheran, had fled Brandenburg for Wittenberg in 1528. Not for the first time, it seemed that Luther had stolen a woman from a Catholic grandee and was thumbing his nose at him. His view of marriage could occasionally seem cavalier. His partisan upholding of Hornung’s marriage, for example, contrasts with his equally passionate insistence, in other cases, on allowing husbands like the pastors whose wives had deserted them to remarry. Ursula Topler, who married the preacher and ex-Dominican Jodokus Kern, had left her convent because she was persuaded of the truth of Luther’s teachings, but she was determined to lead a nonsexual marriage with her husband, who, unfortunately for her, did not share her ideal. When he treated her roughly she fled to the Catholic Count Ernst II of Mansfeld, while her husband went to law to get her back. Kern was minister at Allstedt, where he had been sent by Luther in late 1524 to counter the influence of Müntzer.

• From A Greek-English Lexicon (Liddell-Scott) (1957)

  ὀργή, ἧ, natural impulse or propension (vy. sub ὀργάω): one’s temper, temperament, disposition, nature, heart, κηφήνεσσι κοθούροις εἴκελος ὀργήν Hes. Op. 302, cf. Theogn. 98. 214, 958, etc.; so, μείλιχος, γλυκεῖα ὀργή Pind. P. 9. 76; εὐανθεῖ ἐν ὀργᾷ παρμένων ΤΡ ΤῊ 2: ὀργῆς τραχύτης Aesch. Pr, 8ο; ὠμή, ἀτέραμνος ὀργή Id. Supp. 187, Pr. 190, etc.; ὀργῆς νοσούσης εἰσιν ἰατροὶ λόγοι of ‘a mind diseased,’ Ib. 378 (Stob. p. 171 read ὀργῆς ματαίας, Plut. and Eust. ψυχῆς νοσούσης); so in pl., ἢ. Hom. Cer. 205, Pind. I. 5. 44 (4. 38)3 ἀλωπέκων ὀργαῖς ἴκελοι Pind. P. 2. 141; κνωδάλων ἔχοντες ὀργάς Aesch. Supp. 763; ὀργαὶ ἀστυνόμοι social dispositions, Soph. Ant. 354 (cf. σύντροφος 3): ὀργαὶ νήπιοι Eur. Tro. 53:—also in Prose, διεπειρᾶτο αὐτῶν τῆς τε ἀνδραγαθίης καὶ τῆς ὀργῆς Hdt. 6. 128; ov τῇ αὐτῇ ὀργῇ ἀναπειθομένους τε πολεμεῖν καὶ ἐν τῷ ἔργῳ πράσσοντας ΤΠαυς. 1. 140; τῇ ὀργῇ -- χαλεπῇ ἐχρῆτο Ib. 130; ὀργὰς ἐπιφέρειν τινί το suit one’s temper to another, Lat. morigerari alicui, Id. 8. 83; πρὸς τὰ παρόντα τὰς ὀργὰς ὁμοιοῦν ΤὰΣ 5... 827; τὴν τῶν πολλῶν... ξυνιόντων ὀργὴν... - σοφίαν ἡγούμενος Plat. Rep. 493 D. II. passion, anger, wrath, ὀργῇ χρέεσθαι (Att. “χρῆ- σθαι) to indulge one’s anger, Hat. 6. 85, Soph. O. C. 12413; ὀργὴν ποιεῖσθαι Hdt. 3. 253 εἰ... Thuc. 4.122; ὀργῇ χάριν δοῦναι Soph. ONC: 855; ὀργῇ εἴκειν, χαρίξεσθαι Eur. Hel. 80, Fr. 81; ὀργὴν ἔχειν τινί or πρός τινα Ar, Pax 659, Isocr. 6C; δι᾽ ὀργῆς ἔχειν τινά Thuc. 5. 46; ἐν ὀργῇ ἔχειν or ποιεῖσθαί τινα Id. 2. 65, Dem. 14. 2; τίθεσθαί τι εἰς ὀργήν Id. 273.18; εἰς ὀργὴν πεσεῖν Eur. Or. 696, etc. ; ὀργῇ περιπίπτειν Dem. 1470. 25; but, ἀνιέναι τῆς ὀργῆς, ὀργὴν χαλᾶν to remit one’s anger, be pacified, Ar. Pax 700, Vesp. 727; ὀργὴν στορέσαι to quell anger, Aesch., Pr. 190; ὀργὴν κατέχειν Philem, Incert. 59; ὀργῆς κρατεῖν Menand. Incert. 25 ; ; ὀργὴν ἐμποιεῖν τινι to make one angry, Plat. Legg. 793 E; ὀργῆς τυγχάνειν to be angrily received, Dem. 571. II, etc. ; 3 ὀργὴν ἀ ἄκρος prone to anger, like ἀκράχολος, Hdt. 1. 73: —in pl., ὀργὰς ἀφιέναι Aesch. Pr. 315: φαίνειν Id. Cho. 326, al. 2. Adverbial usages, ὀργῇ, in anger, in a passion, Hat. 1. 61, 114, Soph. Ol. 405. etc. ; ὀργᾷ περιόργως Aesch. Ag. 216 (lyr.); so, δι᾿ ὀργῆς Soph. Ο. Τ. 807, Thuc. 2. 11; δι’ ὀργήν Aesch. Eum. 981; ἐξ ὀργῆς Soph. Ant. 766 : κατ᾽ ὀργήν Id. Tr. 933, etc.; μετ᾽ ὀργῆς Isocr. 19 C, Plat. Apol. 34 C; μετὰ τῆς ὀργῆς Dem. 539. 1; πρὸς ὀργήν Soph. ΕἸ. 369, Ar. Ran. 844; ὀργῆς χάριν, ὀργῆς ὕπο Bur. Andr. 688, I. A. 353- 3. c. gen., Πανὸς ὀργαΐ panic fears (i. e. terrors sent by Pan’s wrath), Elmsl. Eur. Med. 1140 :—but, b. c. gen. objecti, ὀργή τινος anger against a person or az a thing, Soph. Ph. 1308, Lys. 107. 1., 122. 518 ἀπύρων ἱερῶν ὀργάς wrath at or because 07..., Aesch. Ag. ΕΝ Neither ὀργή nor ὀργάω occur in Hom., who uses θυμός instead ; in Hes. only once; but freq. in old Eleg. and Lyric poetry, and in Ion. and Att. Prose.

• From A Greek-English Lexicon (Liddell-Scott) (1957)

  πικρότηξ, TOS, 77, pungency, of taste, bitterness, Hipp. Acut. 387, Vet. Med, 16, Plat. Theaet.159 E, Tim. 83 B; in pl., Ib. 82 E. 11. metaph. bitterness, harshness, cruelty, 4 τοῦ βασιλέος π. Hdt. 1.130; γλώσσῃ m. ἐνεστί τις Eur. El. to14;—in pl., αἱ τῶν συκοφαντῶν π. Isocr. Antid. § 321. πικρο-φἄγία, ἡ, the eating of bitter things, Boisson. Anecd. 3. 415. πικρο-φόρος, ov, bearing bitter fruits, Eccl. πικρό-φυλλος, ov, with bitter leaves, Byz. πικρό-χολος, ov, full of bitter bile, bilious, opp. to μελάγχολος ; τὰ ἄνω π. Hipp. Acut., 389; metaph. splenetic, Anth. P. 7. 69 :--- πικροχο- Ala, ἡ, opp. to μελαγχολία, Hipp. Acut. 394. πικρόω, to make bitter :—Pass. to become so, Alex. Aphr. Probl. 2. 70. muktis, v. sub πυκτίς. πιλάριον, τό, an eyesalve, Alex. Trall. 2. 133. πίλεος, ὃ, (πῖλος) the pilews or cap given to Roman slaves when freed, Polyb. 30. 16, 3. πϊλέω, (πῖλοΞ) =mAdw (which form is rejected by E. M. 672. 12), to compress wool, make it into felt, πιληθεὶς πέτασος a felt hat, Anth. P. 6. 282; πιλεῖν τὸ δέρμα to tan it, Galen. 11. generally, to com- press, close up, πιλοῦντες ἑαυτούς Ar. Lys. 577; πιλήσαντες τοὺς λόχους Dion. H. 9. 58 :—Pass. to be close pressed, διὰ τὸ πολὺ εἰς ὀλίγον πιλη- θῆναι τόπον Arist. Meteor. 2. 8, 11: χθὼν .. οὔπω πιληθεῖσα made solid, Ap. Rh. 4.678; ὕδατι πιληθεῖσα μᾶζα kneaded, Anth. Plan. 3333; σελή- Ady. —pws, νὴν νέφος εἶναι πεπιλημένον Xenophan. ap. Plut. 2. 891 B; of a man, | παγκρατιαστὴς ὑπὸ τῆς πυκνότητος σαρκῶν πεπιλ. Philo 2. 440; ἰσχνός, τὴν σάρκα πεπιλ. Joseph. Β. J. 6.1, 6 :---πιλούμενος κακοῖς oppressed .. , Dion. H. de Comp. 18, cf. Agath. 5. 3, fin.; τοῖς. χείλεσι πιλουμένοις compressed, Dion. Thrax in A. B. 810. 2. π. πουλύπουν to beat a polypus so as to make it tender (a custom still prevailing in Greece), | πουλύπου πιλουμένου Ar, Fr. 2353 so, πιλεῖν πλεκτάνας Eubul. Incert. 15 A, cf, Arist. H. A. 9. 37, 23, Zenob. 3. 24, Plin. 32. 42. πίλημα, τό, compressed wool or hair, felt, Diosc. 1. 68, Galen. ; 7. τῆς πολυτελεστάτης πορφύρας Ath. 535 F, cf. 210 E. 2. anything made thereof, a hat, like πῖλος, Call. Fr. 124,125. close, π. νέφους a pack of cloud, Arist. Mund, 4, 17, cf. Anaximand. ap. Stob. Ecl. 1. p. 510. πιλήσει, for φιλήσεις, barbarism in Ar. Thesm. 1190. 1. of | 11. anything pressed | 1213 171. II. generally, a compressing, making close or compact, thickening, Plat. Tim. 76C: contraction by cold, Ib. 58 B, Theophr. C. P. 5. 8, 3 (with v. 1. πιλώσει) ; opp. to ἐξάπλωσις, Philo 1. 385. πιλητής, οὔ, 6, a felt-maker, Poll. 7. 171. πῖλητικός, ἡ, dv, of or for felt-making : ἡ --ὠκή (sc. τέχνη), the felter’s art, Plat. Polit. 280 C. 11. of cold, contractive, Arist. Probl. 14. 8.

• From Shunned (2018)

  I left everything and everyone behind—my entire community of support. People don’t make changes like that unless they sincerely believe it is the right choice. I know this has been hard for you, but at least you get to struggle through it with the support of everyone you’ve ever known your whole life. I’ve had to start over completely.” With each blink, the brown in her eyes seemed to deepen. “Yes, Lindy. It’s amazing what you’ve done. We never doubted that you would make new friends or that you would be successful at whatever you put your mind to. But this is your life we’re talking about. Tell me, with these new friends of yours, do you celebrate Christmas?” I nodded, thinking about my merry band of slightly sauced friends who’d donned Santa hats and sung Christmas carols at the Music Box Theatre, just before the annual showing of It’s a Wonderful Life. “And birthdays?” I nodded again. She looked up to the ceiling and shook her head. Neither of us was eating much, and the food was getting cold. “Here’s the thing, Mom. You might as well know that I’ve gone completely to hell in a hand basket. It’s just that simple. If you keep asking me questions like this, I guarantee you are not going to like the answers.” My voice was getting stronger and clearer. “I’m not going to have this conversation with you. I’m very aware of your beliefs, but you don’t have a clue what mine are. Suffice it to say, you and I believe differently. Maybe someday I’ll get into the details with you, but that day is not today. I haven’t seen my mother in over three years. Three years. So enough of the interrogation. I just want to sit here and enjoy your company. Is there anything wrong with that?” Her shoulders dropped, and she let out a sigh. “No, honey.” She leaned toward me. “But don’t forget, time is running out. You know what the Scriptures say, and all the nightly news reports confirm we are only getting closer to Armageddon with each passing day. Just don’t stay out in the world too long.” Excusing myself, I went to the restroom to regroup. Splashing cold water on my face, I looked intently at myself in the mirror. What happens now? Given the gist of the conversation, we were running out of things to talk about. On some level, I suspected Mom found my company disturbing, and I was very disappointed that she could not set aside her objections for one rare afternoon and simply be with me. I returned to the table just as the waitress was serving two glasses of white wine. “Given the conversation, I thought this was in order,” she said. “What the heck? It’s Saturday, and I’m on vacation.”

• From The Things They Carried (1990)

  "Let it ride," he said. "The kid messed up bad, for sure, but you have to take into account how green he was. Brand-new, remember? Thing 1s, he's doing a lot better now. I mean, listen, the guy knows his shit. Say what you want, but he kept Morty Phillips alive." "And that makes it okay?" Sanders shrugged. "People change. Situations change. I hate to say this, man, but you're out of touch. Jorgenson—he's with us now." "And I'm not?" Sanders looked at me for a moment. "No," he said. "I guess you're not." Stiffly, like a stranger, Sanders moved across the hootch and lay down with a magazine and pretended to read. I felt something shift inside me. It was anger, partly, but it was also a sense of pure and total loss: I didn't fit anymore. They were soldiers, I wasn't. In a few days they'd saddle up and head back into the bush, and I'd stand up on the helipad to watch them march away, and then after they were gone I'd spend the day loading resupply choppers until it was time to catch a movie or play cards or drink myself to sleep. A funny thing, but I felt betrayed. For a long while I just stared at Mitchell Sanders. "Loyalty," I said. "Such a pal." In the morning I ran into Bobby Jorgenson. I was loading Hueys up on the helipad, and when the last bird took off, while I was putting on my shirt, I looked over and saw him leaning against my jeep, waiting for me. It was a surprise. He seemed smaller than I remembered, a little squirrel of a guy, short and stumpy-looking. He nodded nervously. "Well," he said. At first I just looked down at his boots. Those boots: I remembered them from when I got shot. Out along the Song Tra Bong, a bullet inside me, all that pain, but for some reason what stuck to my memory was the unblemished leather of his fine new boots, factory fresh, no scuffs or dust or red clay. The boots were one of those vivid details you can't forget. Like a pebble or a blade of grass, you just stare and think, Dear Christ, there's the last thing on earth I'll ever see. Jorgenson blinked and tried to smile. Oddly, I almost felt sympathy for him. "Look," he said, "can we talk?" I didn't move. I didn't say a word. Jorgenson's tongue flicked out, moving along the edge of his mustache, then slipped away. "Listen, man, I fucked up," he said. "What else can I say? I'm sorry. When you got hit, I kept telling myself to move, move, but I couldn't do it, like I was full of drugs or something. You ever feel like that? Like you can't even move?" "No," I said, "I never did." "But can't you at least—" "Excuses?"

• From The Things They Carried (1990)

  I remember the rage in my stomach. Later it burned down to a smoldering self-pity, then to numbness. At dinner that night my father asked what my plans were. "Nothing," I said. "Wait." I spent the summer of 1968 working in an Armour meatpacking plant in my hometown of Worthington, Minnesota. The plant specialized in pork products, and for eight hours a day I stood on a quarter-mile assembly line —more properly, a disassembly line—removing blood clots from the necks of dead pigs. My job title, I believe, was Declotter. After slaughter, the hogs were decapitated, split down the length of the belly, pried open, eviscerated, and strung up by the hind hocks on a high conveyer belt. Then gravity took over. By the time a carcass reached my spot on the line, the fluids had mostly drained out, everything except for dense clots of blood in the neck and upper chest cavity. To remove the stuff, I used a kind of water gun. The machine was heavy, maybe eighty pounds, and was suspended from the ceiling by a thick rubber cord. There was some bounce to it, an elastic up- and-down give, and the trick was to maneuver the gun with your whole body, not lifting with the arms, just letting the rubber cord do the work for you. At one end was a trigger; at the muzzle end was a small nozzle and a steel roller brush. As a carcass passed by, you'd lean forward and swing the gun up against the clots and squeeze the trigger, all in one motion, and the brush would whirl and water would come shooting out and you'd hear a quick splattering sound as the clots dissolved into a fine red mist. It was not pleasant work. Goggles were a necessity, and a rubber apron, but even so it was like standing for eight hours a day under a lukewarm blood-shower. At night I'd go home smelling of pig. It wouldn't go away. Even after a hot bath, scrubbing hard, the stink was always there—like old bacon, or sausage, a greasy pig-stink that soaked deep into my skin and hair. Among other things, I remember, it was tough getting dates that summer. I felt isolated; I spent a lot of time alone. And there was also that draft notice tucked away in my wallet.

• From The Things They Carried (1990)

  Jorgenson's lip twitched. "No, I botched it. Period. Got all frozen up, I guess. The noise and shooting and everything—my first firefight—I just couldn't handle it ... When I heard about the shock, the gangrene, I felt like ... | felt miserable. Nightmares, too. I kept seeing you lying out there, heard you screaming, but it was like my legs were filled up with sand, they didn't work. I'd keep trying but I couldn't make my goddamn /egs work." He made a small sound in his throat, something low and feathery, and for a second I was afraid he might bawl. That would've ended it. I would've patted his shoulder and told him to forget it. But he kept control. He swallowed whatever the sound was and forced a smile and tried to shake my hand. It gave me an excuse to glare at him. "It's not that easy," I said. "Tim, I can't go back and do things over." "My ass." Jorgenson kept pushing his hand out at me. He looked so earnest, so sad and hurt, that it almost made me feel guilty. Not quite, though. After a second I muttered something and got into my jeep and put it to the floor and left him standing there. I hated him for making me stop hating him. Something had gone wrong. I'd come to this war a quiet, thoughtful sort of person, a college grad, Phi Beta Kappa and summa cum laude, all the credentials, but after seven months in the bush I realized that those high, civilized trappings had somehow been crushed under the weight of the simple daily realities. I'd turned mean inside. Even a little cruel at times. For all my education, all my fine liberal values, I now felt a deep coldness inside me, something dark and beyond reason. It's a hard thing to admit, even to myself, but I was capable of evil. I wanted to hurt Bobby Jorgenson the way he'd hurt me. For weeks it had been a vow—I'll get him, I'll get him

• From The Things They Carried (1990)

  I didn't complain. In an odd way, though, there were times when I missed the adventure, even the danger, of the real war out in the boonies. It's a hard thing to explain to somebody who hasn't felt it, but the presence of death and danger has a way of bringing you fully awake. It makes things vivid. When you're afraid, really afraid, you see things you never saw before, you pay attention to the world. You make close friends. You become part of a tribe and you share the same blood—you give it together, you take it together. On the other hand, I'd already been hit with two bullets; I was superstitious; I believed in the odds with the same passion that my friend Kiowa had once believed in Jesus Christ, or the way Mitchell Sanders believed in the power of morals. I figured my war was over. If it hadn't been for the constant ache in my butt, I'm sure things would've worked out fine. But it hurt. At night I had to sleep on my belly. That doesn't sound so terrible until you consider that I'd been a back-sleeper all my life. I'd lie there all fidgety and tight, then after a while I'd feel a swell of anger come on. I'd squirm around, cussing, half nuts with pain, and pretty soon I'd start remembering how Bobby Jorgenson had almost killed me. Shock, I'd think—how could he forget to treat for shock? I'd remember how long it took him to get to me, and how his fingers were all jerky and nervous, and the way his lips kept twitching under that ridiculous little mustache. The nights were miserable. Sometimes I'd roam around the base. I'd head down to the wire and stare out at the darkness, out where the war was, and think up ways to make Bobby Jorgenson feel exactly what I felt. I wanted to hurt him. In March, Alpha Company came in for stand-down. I was there at the helipad to meet the choppers. Mitchell Sanders and Azar and Henry Dobbins and Dave Jensen and Norman Bowker slapped hands with me and we piled their gear in my jeep and drove down to the Alpha hootches. We partied until chow time. Afterward, we kept on partying. It was one of the rituals. Even if you weren't in the mood, you did it on principle. By midnight it was story time. "Morty Phillips used up his luck," Bowker said. I smiled and waited. There was a tempo to how stories got told. Bowker peeled open a finger blister and sucked on it. "Go on," Azar said. "Tell him everything." "Well, that's about it. Poor Morty wasted his luck. Pissed it away." "On nothing," Azar said. "The dummy pisses it away on nothing."

• From Shunned (2018)

  The space heater had done its job, and I was feeling hot and light-headed, in need of electrolytes. “No one’s asking him to wait around,” I said. “That’s why I’m getting a divorce. I hold no hope for this marriage to continue and no interest in working through our differences.” In Witness lingo, this was about as bad an attitude as you could display. “You are both young and vibrant people,” Jerry said. “No matter what the law of the land says, you are still bound by your wedding vows in Jehovah’s eyes. You well know there are only two ways to scripturally sever those ties.” Death or adultery. Yes, we all knew about the double bind. It didn’t even need to be said aloud. “It’s only a matter of time before one or both of you steps outside the bounds of marriage,” Jerry continued. “If you persist in doing this, you open yourself and Ross up to a lot of heartache.” Angry tears rolled down my cheeks. I was being cast as the villain. Ross was looking down. We were separate units now, expected to answer separate questions. Why wasn’t anyone interrogating him? “There has already been a lot of heartache. You can’t imagine how unhappy I’ve been—we’ve been,” I said. It was not a loud, biting unhappiness, but a subtle knowing that I was no longer in the right place, no longer willing to overlook some obvious truths for a life and a marriage that were “good enough,” characterized by the slow burn of resignation that makes you numb to joy and pleasure. Jerry’s shoulders slumped. “This is very sad,” he said, shaking his head. “I sensed you two were struggling, but I only get involved if people ask. If you’d come to me sooner, maybe I could have helped you.” “This will disappoint a lot of people,” Vince said, looking owlish with his wire rims and puffy frown. Perhaps he was thinking of his wife, Sarah, a good friend of mine, and Lucy. “So many have looked up to you, and not just in our congregation, but throughout the city.” “I’ve disappointed very few people in my short life, Vince,” I said. “I’ve wasted so much time. Guess what? There could be advantages to disappointing others. It’s not always a bad thing. These people you speak of don’t have to live in my skin day after day.” There was a growing edge in my voice. “They’ll think whatever they think about me, feel whatever they will feel. But then they’ll go on with their day. Meanwhile, I’m the one who suffers.

• From Shunned (2018)

  I asked, leaning forward, dreading his response. “I told him the simple truth—and he empathized, by the way: that by the time we work and sleep and eat, attend meetings, and go in service, there’s no time left.” “Ross, what did you tell him about my encounter with Nick Marshall, that guy from my work?” “Oh,” he said, as if this piece were an afterthought. “I didn’t say much about the encounter, because I wasn’t there. But I did share with him how it made you feel.” “How’s that?” “That it had stirred up doubts and that sometimes you question the teachings.” I stood up. “Did you actually use the word ‘doubt’?” Ross rolled his eyes to the ceiling, scanning his memory. “Yes. Yes, I’m sure I did.” I started pacing between the dining table and the sofa. “Great, just great. You didn’t have permission to discuss that with anyone. Not even someone with good intentions.” “Linda, this isn’t just about you. If anything, Todd had stern words for me.” “Really?” I sat across from him at the table. “Like what?” Ross was pouring himself a second drink. “He wanted to know what I had done, as the spiritual head of this family, to help you work through your doubts. And I had to admit I’d let it slide. I figured you would work it out on your own, and that’s what I told Todd. He told me I was a fool not to pay more attention to this.” “Yes, you are a fool, but not for the reasons Todd thinks,” I said. We sat in silence for several minutes, only my staccato inhalations interrupting the hush. Ross had the hollow look of someone at loose ends. Like a cowboy in a saloon, he swigged his last drops of whiskey and stood up. “It’s not too late,” he said. “Todd has suggested that he and Jerry come by soon for a shepherding call. I think it’s a great idea.” “No, that’s not a great idea.” My equilibrium returned. I stood up and leaned in on both arms, looking Ross straight in the eye. “It’s intrusive. It’s unwelcome.” Turning around, I walked into the kitchen for a glass of water, my bare feet slapping against the cool linoleum. Though I was riven with disgust, my level of belligerence was a surprise even to me. “I won’t do it, Ross!” I shouted over my shoulder. “But I already told Todd it was a go.” He followed me into the kitchen. “Then by all means, enjoy your meeting with him.” I turned from the sink, gulping my water. “I won’t be there.” “What’s the matter with you?” His voice was gaining strength. “You’ve become so blatantly disrespectful. Todd is just trying to help, and we both need help.” “I don’t recall asking for Todd’s help.” “What is that supposed to mean?” “It means I don’t appreciate people going behind my back.

• From A Greek-English Lexicon (Liddell-Scott) (1957)

  σὈκοφαντέω (συκοφάντηΞ): 1. c. acc. pers. to accuse falsely, slander, calumniate, Ar. Ach. 519, Vesp. 1096, Av. 1431, Plat., etc.; o. καὶ σείειν τινά Antipho 146. 22; σ. τοὺς τὰς οὐσίας ἔχοντας Arist. Pol. 5. 5,1; cf. συκοφάντης :—Pass. to be falsely accused, Lys. 152. 36, Xen., etc.; ὑπό τινος συκοφαντοῦμαι Lys. Fr. 26. Ὁ ΟΣ ΘΟΟΣ ΤΟΙ͂Σ to represent falsely, misrepresent, Dem. 639. 17 :—but, σ. τριάκοντα μνᾶς to extort them by false accusations, Lys. 177. 32; εἴ τινός τι ἐσυκοφάντησα Ἐν. Luc. 19. 8. 8. absol. to deal in false accusa- tions, Ar. AV. 1452, Plat. Rep. 341 B, Lys. 164.15; σ. κατ᾽ ἀγοράν Diphil. Ἔμπ. 1. 16: generally, to deal falsely, to give false counsel, Dem. 475. 26. 11. to argue like a συκοφάντης, argue sophis- tically, Arist. Top. 6. 2, 1., 8. 2, 2; cf. συκοφάντημα I, συκοφαντία II. TIT. -- κνίζω ἐρωτικῶς, Meineke Plat. Com. Incert. 36, Menand. Incert. 439. LV. συκοφαντητέον one must complain, Schol. Ran. 1044. σὈκοφάντημα. τό. a sycophant’s trick, false accusation, calumny. Aeschin. 33. I9 C. I. 4957. 40. II. a sophistical artifice, Arist. Soph. Elench. 15, 5. συκοφάντης, ov, 6, a false accuser, backbiter, slanderer, Ar., etc.; (but never used by the Greeks in the modern sense of sycophant, i.e. #6Aaé):— generally, a false adviser, Dem. 475. 27.—The Sycophants began to multiply from the time of Pericles, and were a common object of attack to the Comic writers, Ar. Ach. 559, 818 sq., al., v. Schol. Pl. 31, Antipho 138. 32, Andoc., etc. (The word was derived, acc. to Ister and Philom- nest. ap. Ath. 74 E, Plut. Solon 24. 2, 523 B, from σῦκον, φαίνω, and properly meant οὔθ who informed against persons exporting figs from Attica, or persons plundering sacred fig-trees. But συκοφάντης in the sense of an informer never occurs, and this explan. is prob. a mere in- vention; cf. Lys. 171. 14 (τῶν συκοφαντῶν ἔργον ἐστὶ καὶ τοὺς μηδὲν ἡμαρτηκότας εἰς αἰτίαν καθιστάνεινγ. Dem. 1309. 12 (τοῦτο γάρ ἐστιν ὃ σ.. αἰτιάσασθαι μὲν πάντα, ἐξελέγξαι δὲ μηδέν). It was suggested by Mr. Lancelot Shadwell, that the word properly meant a jig-shewer, i.e. one who brings figs to light by shaking the tree (the figs having been hidden in the thick foliage) ; and then, metaph., one who makes rich men yield up their fruit by false accusations and other vile arts: in support, he cites the usage of σείω in the sense of concutio (σείω I. 4), and compares the phrases ἔσειον, ἤτουν χρήματ᾽, ἠπείλουν, ἐσυκοφάντουν, Ar. Fr. 20, cf. Eq. 840, Pax 639; ἑτέρους .. ἔσειε καὶ ἐσυκοφάντει Antipho 146. 22; μηδένα διασείσητε μηδὲ συκοφαντήσητε Ev. Luc. 3.143 so also, ἀποσυκάζεις πιέζων τοὺς ὑπευθύνους, σκοπῶν ὅστις .. Ar. Eq. 259 54.; ἀμέλγει τῶν ξένων τοὺς καρπίμους Ib. 324. σὈκοφάντησις, ἥ, -- συκοφαντία, Nicet. Ann. 74 A. σὈκοφαντητός. 7, dv, liable to false accusation, Schol. Ar. Ran. 53.

• From A Greek-English Lexicon (Liddell-Scott) (1957)

  πόλεμον καὶ δηιοτῆτα to engage in war: and so in Att.. o. μάχην τινί, Lat. committere pugnam, Eur. Bacch. 837; ἔχθραν, ἔριν σ. τινί Id. Med. 44, 521 ;—so, metaph., συμβαλεῖν ἔπη κακά to bandy reproaches, Soph. Aj. 1323; αἰσχρὸν δέ por γυναιξὶ συμβάλλειν λόγους Eur. I. A. 830. 8. in Med. fo fall in with one, meet him by chance, c. dat., often in Hom., who uses Ep. aor. ἐύμβλητο and fut. συμβλήσομαι solely in this sense, Νέστορι δὲ ἐύμβληντο Il. 14. 27, cf. 393 εἰ δ᾽ dpa mis... ξύμβληται ὁδίτης Od. 7. 204; ἐυμβλήμενος ἄλλος ὁδίτης τι. 127; ὅτε κεν συμβλήσεται αὐτῷ Il. 20. 335; ξυμβλήτην ἀλλήλοιιν Od. 21. 15, cf. Il. 21. 578. 4. so in Act., συμβαλών having met, Aesch. Cho. 677; of συμβάλλοντες those who come in contact with one, Plut. Marcell. 20; πρὸς ἐμὲ o. gather round me, Xen. Cyr. 6. 2, 41. ΤΙΤ. to put together, and in Pass. to correspond, tally, φόνου δὲ κηκὶς ξὺν χρόνῳ ξυμβάλλεται Aesch. Cho. ΤΟΙ2. 2. to compare, σμικρὰ μεγάλοισι Hdt. 2.10; ἑωυτόν τινι Id. 3. 160; ἕν πρὸς ἕν Id. 4. 50; τι πρός τι Lycurg. adv. Leocr. ὃ 68; πρὸς ἄλληλα Plat. Theaet. 186 Β; οὐδὲν ἣν τούτων .. πρὸς ἀτταγῆνα συμβαλεῖν Phoenic. Μισ. I. 5 :—so in Pass., Hdt. 2. 1ο., 3. 125; τὸ Βαβυλώνιον τάλαντον συμβαλ- λόμενον πρὸς τὸ Εὐβοεικόν the Babyl. talent being compared with, re- duced to, the Euboic, Id. 3. 95 :—hence, b. in Med. to put together, reckon, compute, Id. 6. 63, 65, cf. 2. 31., 4. 153 so in Pass., ἡ ὁδὸς ἀνὰ διηκόσια στάδια συμβέβληταί μοι Id. 4.101; v.sub δάκτυλος 1.1. 6. to compare one’s own opinion with facts, and so to conclude, infer, conjecture, interpret, συμβαλεῖν τι εἶναι Pind, N. 11. 433 σ. ὅτι.. Plat. Crat. 412 C; ἐξ. τοῦτο Soph. O. C. 1474; τοῦτο σ., ὅτι... Ar. Vesp. 50; τὰ πρὶν οὐκ εὔγνωτα o. Eur. Or.1394; εὖ ἐυνέβαλεν αὐτά Ar. Eq. 427; ἣν [νόσον] οὐδ᾽ ἂν εἷς γνοίη mor οὐδ᾽ ἂν ξυμβάλοι Id. Vesp. 72; o. ἔπη Eur. Med. 675 ; τοὖναρ Id. I. T. 55; τὴν μαντείαν Plat. Crat. 384 A; τὸν χρησμόν Arist. Fr. 489, cf.66; σήματα o., εἰ... ἤ Arat. 1146 :—so in Med., absol., often in Hdt., as 4. 15, 45, 87; c. acc. to make out, understand, τὸ πρῆγμα 4.111; σ. τι ἔκ τινος 6.107; c. acc. et inf., 1. 68., 2. 33, 112, al.; συμβάλλεσθαι ὅτι... 3. 68. IV. in Med. to agree upon, fix, settle, λόφον εἰς ὃν .. ἁλίζεσθαι Xen. An.6. 3,3. σύμβαμα, τό, (συμβαίνω 111) a chance, casualty, Luc. Vit. Auct. 21 (but as a parody on signf. 11), M. Anton. 7. 58. II. as philo- soph. term of the Stoics, = κατηγόρημα, a complete predicate, such as an intrans. Verb, e.g. Swxparns περιπατεῖ : while an impers. Verb was re- garded as an incomplete predicate, e. g. Σωκράτει μέλει, and called παρα- σύμβαμα, παρακαταγόρημα, Apoll. de Constr. p. 36; v. Menag. Diog. L. 7.64. [If Dor. for σύμβημα. it must be σύμβᾶμα : but Lob. Paral. 423 questions this. ]

• From A Greek-English Lexicon (Liddell-Scott) (1957)

  ἀποτίνομαι, ροδί. ἀποτίνυμαι (often written --τίννυμαι), Hom., Hes. Op. 245, Theogn. 362, Hdt. 6. 65, Aeschin. 73. 8: fut. —ricopar:—to get paid one, to exact or require a penalty from a man, πόλεων δ᾽ ἀπετίνυτο ποινήν 1]. 16. 398 (ubi v. Spitzn.), etc.; ἀποτίσασθαι δίκην, cf. Elmsl. Heracl. 852; δέκα τάλαντ᾽ ἀπ. Eupol. Incert. 16, etc. 2. ο. acc. pers., ἀποτίσασθαΐ τινα to avenge oneself on another, punish him, Od. 5. 24, Xen. Cyr. 5. 4, 35, etc. 3. c. acc..rei, to take vengeance for a thing, punish it, εἴ κέ ποτέ σφι Bias ἀποτίσεται Od. 3. 216; τὰ παρά- νομα.. θεὸς ἀπ. Ar. Thesm. 684 :—c. gen. rei, ἀπ. τῶν... ἱρῶν κατακαυ- θέντων Hdt. 6. ΤΟΙ, v. supr. 1. 2:—absol. to take vengeance, Theogn. |. c., Solon 15. 16. [In pres. ¢ in Ep., ἵ in Att.: fut. always @.] ἀποτίπλαστος, ov, Dor. for ἀπροσπέλαστος, Hesych. ἀπότϊσις, ews, 7, repayment, Ath. 503 Β. ἀποτιστέον, verb. Adj. one must pay, Xen. Lac. 9, 5. ἀ-πότιστος, ov, (ποτίζων not watered, Eccl. ἀπότιτθος, ov, put from the breast, weaned, Philo 2. 83. ἀποτίω supplies the tenses of ἀποτίνω. ἀποτμήγω, fut. gw, Ep. for ἀποτέμνω, to cut off from, μοῦνον ἀποτμή- ξας πόλιος 1]. 22. 456; τὸν .. λαοῦ ἀποτμήξαντε το. 364, etc. 2. to cut off, sever, χεῖρας ἀπὸ Fie τμήξας 11. 140; κλιτῦς τότ᾽ ἀποτμή- γουσι χαράδραι they cut up or plough the hill-sides, 16. 390 :—Pass., μοῦνοι ἀποτμηγέντες Ap. Rh. 4. 1052. ἀπότμημα, τό, anything cut off, a piece, Hipp. Art. 803. —patilw, to sever, divide, Nicet. Ann. 125 D. ἀποτμήξ, 6, 7, cut off, sheer, like ἀπορρώξ, Ap. Rh. 2. 581. ἀπότμησις, ews, 7, a cutting off, Philo Belop. too. ἀποτμητέον, verb. Adj. one must cut off, τῆς χώρας a portion of it, Plat. Rep. 373 D. ἄ-ποτμος, ov, unhappy, ill-starred, like δύσποτμος, Il. 24. 388, Od. 20.140; βοή Aesch. Pers. 280; πότμος ἄπ. Eur. Hipp. 1144 :—Comp. πότερος Mosch. 4.11; Sup. -ότατος, Od. I. 219. ἀπότοκος, 6, propagation, νοσήματος Hipp. Art. 816. ἀπότοκος, ον, sprung from, resulting from, τινος Aretae. Caus. M. 9 0ἐ. τὸ τό.,.2: 2. ἀποτολμάω, to make a bold venture upon, τινι Thuc. 7. 67: c. inf., ἀπ. ἐπιχειρῆσαι Lys. 110. 41; λέγειν Aeschin. 72.17: part. pass. pf. in act. sense, δ ἐλευθερίας λίαν ἀποτετολμημένης too presumptuous liberty, Plat. Legg. 701 B; also in pass. sense, εἰπεῖν Ta νῦν ἀποτετ. Rep. 503 B. Verb. Adj. ἀποτολμητέον Plut. 2. 11 Ὁ. ἀποτομάς, abos, 7, pecul. fem. of ἀπότομος, abrupt, sheer, πέτρα Diod. 201335 2: 78. 2. as Subst. a split or hewn piece of wood, Joseph. A. J.3.1, 2: a pole used in athletic games, Poll. 10. 64, Hesych. ἀποτομεύς, ews, 6,=foreg. 2, Poll. 3. 151. ἀποτομή, 7, @ cutting off, τῶν χειρῶν Xen. Hell. 2.1, 32. 2. a piece, segment, Tas yas Tim. Locr. 97 D: τοιαύτας ἔχειν τὰς am., of the moon in Eclipse, Arist. Cael. 2. 14, 17, cf. 13, g:—in Music, the larger segment of a tone, opp. to λεῖμμα; v.

• From A Greek-English Lexicon (Liddell-Scott) (1957)

  ἀποσκάπτω, fut. pw, to cut off or intercept by trenches, Xen. An. 2. 4, 4. II. strengthd. for σκάπτω, Plat. Legg. 760 E. ἀποσκᾶρίζω, Ξε ἀπασκαρίζω, 4.ν. ἀποσκεδάννῦμι or -ύω: fut. -σκεδάσω, contr. - σκεδῷ Soph. Ο. T. 138 (poét. also ἀποκεδ-, Ap. Rh. 3. 1360 in tmesi):—to scatter abroad, scatter to the winds, disperse, ἄλλους μὲν ἀπεσκέδασεν βασιλῆας 1]. 19. 309 5 ψυχὰς μὲν ἀπεσκέδασ᾽ ἄλλυδις ἄλλῃ Od. 11. 385; σκέδασον δ᾽ ἀπὸ κήδεα θυμοῦ 8. 149; ἀπ. μύσος Soph. 1. ο.; ἀντιπάλων ὕβριν ἀπο- σκεδάσας Epigr. ap. Dem. 322. 9 :—Pass. to be scattered, τῶν éx Tpoins ἀποσκεδασθέντων Hdt. 7. gi: to straggle away from, ἀπὸ TOU στρατο- πέδου Xen. An. 4. A 95 τῆς φάλαγγος Id. Hell. 5. 4, 42 :--Μεά. to repel and scatter, τὸν τοιόνδε φλύαρον Plat. Ax. 365 E. ἀποσκεπάζω, to uncover, Schol. Aesch. Pr. 83, Geop. ἀποσκεπαρνισμός, ὁ, (σκέπαρνον) a hewing off with an axe: for a particular kind of wound in the head, Oribas. Cocch. 106. ἀποσκεπήξ, és, without cover, bare, Or. Sib. 1. 37. ἀποσκέπτομαι, obsol. Dep., whence ἀποσκέψομαι fut. of ἀποσκοπέω: —verb. Adj., ἀποσκεπτέον πρός τι Arist. Pol. 7. 6, 7. ἀποσκέπω, -- ἀποσκεπάζω, Arr. Epict. 3. 22, 65, Hesych. 5. v. ἀποσκο- λύπτειν. ἀποσκευάζω, fut. dow, to pull off, τὴν ὀροφήν Lycurg. 166. 9. TT: mostly in Med. to pack wp and carry off, Polyb. 2. 26,6, etc. 2. to pack off, make away with, Luc. Tyrann. 1, al. 3. = ἀποπατέω, Poll. 5.91. ἀποσκευή, 7, removal, Plut. 2.174 A, etc. II. baggage, in sing. and pl., Polyb. 2. 3, 7., 1.66, 7, etc.: household stuff, Lxx (Gen. 34 29, al.). III. ordure, filth, v. 1. Strabo 646 ; cf. ἀποσκευάζω τι. 3. ἀπόσκημμα, ατος, τό, a support, prop, Aesch. Fr. 16. IT.= ἀπόσκηψις, Hipp. ap. Galen. ἀποσκηνέω, to encamp apart from, twos Xen. An. 3. 4, 35 (which others refer to --νυόω). ἀπόσκηνος, ov, (σκήνη) encamping apart, living and messing alone, opp. to σύσσιτος, Xen. Cyr. 8. 7, 14. ἀποσκηνόω, to keep apart from, τὰ ὦτα τῶν μουσῶν Plut. 2.334 B:— Pass., -- ἀποσκηνέω, Id. 2.627 A; but also intr. in Act., Id. Eum.15, Demetr. 93 (v. ἀποσκηνέω). 2. to remove one’s habitation, Lxx (Gen. 13. 18). ᾿ἀποσκήπτω, fut. ψω, to hurl from above, ἐς οἰκήματα τὰ μέγιστα. ἀποσκήπτει βέλεα (sc. ὃ θεός) Hdt. 7.10, 5; metaph., ἀπ. τὴν ὀργὴν εἴς τινα to discharge one’s rage upon one, Dion. H. 6. 55; ἀπ. τιμωρίαν Diod, I. 70. II. intr. to fall suddenly, like thunder, plague, fury, etc., ὀργαὶ δ᾽ és σ᾽ ἀπέσκηψαν θεᾶς her wrath fell upon thee, Eur. Hipp. 438; εἰς ἕνα ἀπ. Aeschin. 27. 20; ἀπ. τὸ ὕδωρ eis τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς Arist. Mirab. 152; αἱ πληγαὶ τῶν ξιφῶν εἰς τὰς χεῖρας Plut. Pomp.1g: also, ἀπ. ἐς φλαῦρον to come to ἃ sorry ending, end in nothing, Hdt.1.120; εἰς μέγα τι κακὸν ἀπ. Dion. H. 7.15; ἀπ. és ὄλεθρον Alciphro 1. 37. 2. in Medic. of humours, ἀπ. εἴς τι to determine to a particular part.